Diarrheagenic
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Nataro, James P.; Kaper, James B.

doi:10.1128/cmr.11.2.403

Cited by 362 publications

(598 citation statements)

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“…In general, EPEC are noninvasive and do not produce heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins. EPEC infection is characterised by watery or bloody diarrhoea with the occurrence caused by tEPEC decreasing with age due to the loss of specific EPEC receptors and/or the development of immunity (Nataro and Kaper, 1998). aEPEC infections, once considered to predominate in developed countries, are now known to exceed those caused by tEPEC throughout the world (Hernandes et al, 2009).…”

Section: Glossarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the public health risk posed by contamination of food with STEC

Panel¹,

Koutsoumanis²,

Allende³

et al. 2020

EFS2

117

124

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The provisional molecular approach, proposed by EFSA in 2013, for the pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has been reviewed. Analysis of the confirmed reported human STEC infections in the EU/EEA (2012-2017) demonstrated that isolates positive for any of the reported Shiga toxin (Stx) subtypes (and encoding stx gene subtypes) may be associated with severe illness (defined as bloody diarrhoea (BD), haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and/or hospitalisation). Although strains positive for stx2a gene showed the highest rates, strains with all other stx subtypes, or combinations thereof, were also associated with at least one human case with a severe clinical outcome. Serogroup cannot be used as a predictor of clinical outcome and the presence of the intimin gene (eae) is not essential for severe illness. These findings are supported by the published literature, a review of which suggested there was no single or combination of virulence markers associated exclusively with severe illness. Based on available evidence, it was concluded that all STEC strains are pathogenic in humans, capable of causing at least diarrhoea and that all STEC subtypes may be associated with severe illness. Source attribution analysis, based on 'strong evidence' outbreak data in the EU/EEA (2012-2017), suggests that 'bovine meat and products thereof', 'milk and dairy products', 'tap water including well water' and 'vegetables, fruit and products thereof' are the main sources of STEC infections in the EU/EEA, but a ranking between these categories cannot be made as the data are insufficient. Other food commodities are also potentially associated with STEC infections but rank lower. Data gaps are identified, and are primarily caused by the lack of harmonisation in sampling strategies, sampling methods, detection and characterisation methods, data collation and reporting within the EU. (VTEC). All these institutions provided data for this scientific output in the context of two consultations developed via the EU survey tool (Appendices I and J).

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Section: Glossarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the public health risk posed by contamination of food with STEC

Panel¹,

Koutsoumanis²,

Allende³

et al. 2020

EFS2

117

124

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show abstract

“…There are several variants of the Stx2 toxin, differing in nucleotide sequences: Stx2c, Stx2d, Stx2e, Stx2f and Stx2v. Particular EHEC strains may encode either only one type of the Shiga toxin or both types or different variants of Stx2 [9]. E. coli O157:H7 usually encodes the Stx2 toxin, which is especially toxic to epithelial cells of the intestine and kidney and frequently leads to HUS development, contrary to the Stx1 toxin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Stx1 protein, produced by EHEC, is identical to the Shiga toxin derived from Shigella dysenteriae I [9]. The Stx2 protein is homologous to Stx1 at the level of 55% in the A subunit and 57% in the B subunit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages Carrying Shiga Toxin Genes: Genomic Variations, Detection and Potential Treatment of Pathogenic Bacteria

Łoś

Węgrzyn³

2011

Future Microbiol.

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Although most Escherichia coli strains occur in the mammalian intestine as commensals, some of them, including enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), are capable of causing disease in humans. The most notorious virulence factors of EHEC are Shiga toxins, encoded by genes located on genomes of lambdoid prophages. Production and release of these toxins is strongly stimulated after the induction of these prophages. Many antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections stimulate induction of Shiga toxin-converting prophages, enhancing severity of the disease symptoms. Hence, treatment with antibiotics is not recommended if infection with EHEC is confirmed or even suspected. In this light, rapid detection of EHEC is crucial, and understanding the mechanisms of prophage induction and phage development in the human intestine is important to facilitate development of procedures preventing or alleviating Shiga toxin-caused diseases.

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“…Its genome sequence was published in 1997 (Blattner et al, 1997), which confirmed the absence of toxigenic potential. It does not appear in the most comprehensive review of pathogenic E. coli published by Nataro and Kaper (1998). Indeed, strain K-12 is commonly used as a 'base-model' (safety reference strain) against which the safety of other E. coli strains is assessed, (see Kaper et al, 2004).…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L‐tryptophan, technically pure, produced by Escherichia coli strains DSM 25084, KCCM 11132P or SARI12091203 for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by AMAC EEIG

2015

EFS2

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The product L‐tryptophan is a nutritional feed additive produced by fermentation using one of three strains of Escherichia coli. L‐Tryptophan produced by E. coli SARI12091203 could not be assessed because the data submitted did not permit the identity and safety of the strain, and the purity of the additive, to be determined. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substance used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) could not conclude on the safety of this product for target animals, for consumers, users and the environment. Strain KCCM 11132P is genetically modified, but its product gives no cause for concern on GM grounds because no recombinant DNA or live bacteria were detected. l‐Tryptophan produced by E. coli KCCM 11132P or E. coli DSM 25084 is safe for non‐ruminant target species when supplemented to diets in appropriate amounts, but should not be given to ruminants in an unprotected form because of the formation of skatole (3‐methylindole) during ruminal fermentation. l‐Tryptophan produced by E. coli KCCM 11132P or E. coli DSM 25084 contains low concentrations of 1,1′‐ethylidene‐bis‐L‐tryptophan and 1‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐beta‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acid and is safe for the consumer of animal products. The level of endotoxins present in the products of E. coli KCCM 11132P or E. coli DSM 25084 and its possible dusting potential indicate an inhalation risk for the user. In the absence of data on the potential for dermal sensitisation it is concluded that such potential may exist. No other concerns for user safety (inhalation toxicity, skin and eyes irritation) regarding the L‐tryptophan produced by E. coli DSM 25084 were identified. The use of the product L‐tryptophan produced by E. coli KCCM 11132P or E. coli DSM 25084 in animal nutrition does not pose a risk to the environment. The products under application are efficacious sources of the amino acid L‐tryptophan for animal nutrition.

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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

Cited by 362 publications

References 0 publications

Pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the public health risk posed by contamination of food with STEC

Pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the public health risk posed by contamination of food with STEC

Bacteriophages Carrying Shiga Toxin Genes: Genomic Variations, Detection and Potential Treatment of Pathogenic Bacteria

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L‐tryptophan, technically pure, produced by Escherichia coli strains DSM 25084, KCCM 11132P or SARI12091203 for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by AMAC EEIG

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