Diarrhea Induced by Hypertonic Mannitol Affects Carbohydrate Hydrolysis but Not Transport

Abstract

Lubrol solubilized microsomes of liver from JJ and jj rats were salt fractionated and the 60% (NH ) precipitate was redissolved, dialyzed and further fractionitid by DEAE cellulose chromatography . After initial protein elution with 10 mM PO buffer, pH8.0, a linear salt gradient from 0-0.5M KC1 was begun.4 Three separate elution fractions (El, F2, F3) were collected with BGt activity for bilirubin (B). The DE-52, F3 fractions from both JJ and jj rats activated the BGt activity of the El fraction of JJ rats 5-10 fold (n=20). The A was separated from the BGt in F3 by Sephacryl-300 (5-300) sieving into two molecular weight fractions BGtn230 kD and Aa60 kn. Further purification of the BGt from El and F3 of JJ liver was performed by affinity chromatography. After adsorption on UDP-hexanolamine Sepharose 4-B, the purified BGt was eluted by 5mM UDPGA which showed by polyacrylamide gel electophoresis (PAGE) a subunit couplet of 52 and 54 kD. This purified BGt was activitated 5-8 fold by the A from the S-300 eluate of both JJ and jj microsomes. The subunit size of A by PAGE is similar to its size after S-300 sieving ("60 kD).It is heat labile, has no BGt activity, is precipitated by TCA, inactivated by alkylation but not by trypsin or iodoacetamide. The A has no effect on the purified transferase (Gt) for p-nitrophenol. Thus in addition to separate Gts in microsomes additional cofactors appear important in determining their substrate specificity. The A increases the formation of both the mono-and diglucuronides of B by BGt. 1. GO. 3x10~'. REGULATION OF INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL C E L L ATTACHMENT AND GROWTH BY EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECMPhase contrast microscopy showed t h a t the substrate h a d a pronounced effect on cell morphology: after 24 h cells on G M formed cylindrical arrays w h i c h penetrated t h e gel, whereas c e l l s on a l l other substrates were polygonal a n d showed little aggregation. The adherence of bacteria to intestinal mucosa is an important initial event in the pathogenesis of enteric infections. Such infections occur frequently in association with undernutrition. We investigated the adherence of two strains of ST to enterocytes from ad-libitum fed and nutrient restricted rats in order to study the effects of nutrient restriction on the adherence of ST to enterocytes. An animal model of malnutrition was produced by feeding young male adult rats 50% of the daily intake in control ad-libitum fed rats. Enterocytes were isolated from proximal and distal small intestinal segments by agitation in isolation medium. Adherence was studied using fimbriated (S7471F) and non-fimbriated (S7471N) strains of ST labelled with 3H-adenine. Labelled bacteria were incubated with freshly isolated enterocytes for 30 min. at 37 C. and the free bacteria were separated from those bound to enterocytes by membrane filtration and washing. The bound bacteria was quantitated by liquid scintillation. Adherence was significantly higher with S7471F both with proximal and distal intestinal enterocytes. There was no significant di...

Undaria marching on; late arrival in the Republic of Ireland

“…In that case, a high-yield commercial kelp species might be of higher interest and might be preferential than an invasive species for food and biorefinery applications (van den Burg et al, 2016 ). On the other hand, high levels of mannitol in S. latissima (Kraan 2012 ) makes the species less suitable for animal feed as it can induce diarrhoea as mannitol attracts water from the intestinal wall (Palacios et al 1987 ).…”