Diarrhea in Pre-Weaned Calves: Relative Risk Rates for Morbidity and Mortality in 13 Commercial Farms of Hot Arid Zone

Razzaque, Mohammed Abdur; Al-Mutawa, T.; Mohammed, S. A.

doi:10.3844/ajavsp.2010.215.220

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Among the diseases, neonatal diarrhea of calves is a severe form of diarrhea that causes huge economic loss to dairy producers [ 5 , 6 ]. Several infectious agents like viruses, bacteria and protozoan parasites cause calf diarrhea [ 7 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Background: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia with the objectives of determining the incidence of calf diarrhea and calf coccidiosis from diarrheic calves, assessing the major risk factors associated with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis and identifying the existing Eimeria species. A total of 237 calves, 86 calves from 52 smallholder dairy farms and 151 calves from 8 large dairy farms, were used for this study. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 86 diarrheic calves for identification of Eimeria species. Results: Overall incidences of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis found in this study were 33.5 and 20.1%, respectively. In total, 19 potential risk factors were investigated for their association with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis from diarrheic calves using Cox regression. Age of calf (HR = 2.057, P = .002), body condition (HR = 1.802, P < .001), house condition (HR = 2.072, P = .004) and age at first colostrum feeding time (HR = 2.107, P = .002) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the risk of diarrhea by multivariate Cox regression. Among the risk factors tested, age (HR = 13.36, P < .001) and sex of calves (HR = 3.500, P = .020) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with coccidiosis by multivariate Cox regression. A total of nine Eimeria species were identified. E. bovis (28.6%), E. zuernii (19.0%) and E. auburnensis (14.3%) were the most common Eimeria species encountered. Conclusion: The incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis was high in the dairy herds in North West Ethiopia. Therefore, sound dairy calf management practices are needed to mitigate risk factors for calf diarrhea and coccidiosis with a view to reducing the incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in Ethiopian dairy farms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“…Diarrhea is associated with mild to severe dehydration and leads to loss of electrolytes. The animals with this stage need electrolyte therapy [ 62 ] but there was a limitation of veterinary clinic access to some kebeles of the woreda. Gulliksen et al [ 63 ] noted that calf diarrhea was a major ailment and the predisposing factors were mainly the lack of colostrum and failure to absorb cloistral antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Causes of Calf and Lamb Mortality and Morbidity and Associated Risk Factors in the Mixed Crop-Livestock Production System in Jamma District, South Wollo, Ethiopia

Hadgu

Lemma

Yilma

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine International

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Lamb and calf preweaning mortality and morbidity account for serious losses in sheep and cattle production and are, thus, a major factor in reducing profitability and adversely affecting the sheep and cattle farming. Thus, a prospective cohort study was conducted in Jamma district, Amhara Regional State, to determine the major cause of calf and lamb morbidity and mortality and associated risk factors. A semi-structured questionnaire and clinical assessment of the animals were conducted from 150 households to assess the potential risk factors. Besides, a total of 102 (81 fecal samples and 21 skin scrapings) were collected from 150 clinically ill and suspected animals to identify the cause of morbidity and mortality. The test of difference and correlation between variables were computed using chi-square and generalized linear model analysis. The total morbidity and mortality in calves were 33.3% and 2%, respectively, whereas for lamb, they were 27.3% and 32.5%, respectively. In calf, septicemia (100%) was a major cause of mortality, and diarrhea (54.6%) was the leading cause of calf morbidity followed by skin disease (30.1%), respiratory problems (12%), and septicemia (3.3%). Malnutrition was the most common problem in lambs causing up to 31.3% mortality followed by diarrhea 24% and respiratory problems 21.3%. The presence of a disease in adult cattle was significantly correlated to the presence of disease in calves ( p < 0.001 ; r = 0.35). There was also a significantly higher positive correlation between sickness in adult sheep and lambs ( p < 0.001 , r = 0.45). Gastrointestinal parasitosis was identified in 82.7% of the samples collected from diarrheic and suspected calves (87.1% positive) and lambs (80% positive). Monezia species in lamb (33.3%) and Coccidia species in the calf (35.9%) had the largest morbidity rate. Ctenocephalides canis (16.7%) and Linognatus species (41.7%) were common ectoparasites identified in calves, while Melophagus ovinus was the only ectoparasite of lambs recovered (62.5%). In conclusion, the high morbidity found in calves and morbidity and mortality in lambs are known to seriously reduce the profitability of the smallholder cattle and sheep production in the area by affecting the availability of replacement animals and causing a detrimental effect on herd expansion and productivity. In further studies, establishing the specific causative agents, control of diseases in the adult, and improvement in feed resources should be the major areas that need to be considered to mitigate calf and lamb morbidity and mortality currently affecting the area.

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“…Generally, on an average, cost of calf mortality in terms of replacement stock may be higher than the cost of mortality due to calf's stillbirth, since it reduces the genetic gain as well as the economic return (NAHMS 2007). Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (2003) estimated a loss of about £60 million per annum, as 6% of the calves die before they reach 6 months of age born in the United Kingdom, whereas Razzaque et al (2010) found high economic loss of KD 70 per calf died in Kuwait.…”

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confidence: 99%

Factors influencing calf mortality in zebu and crossbred cattle reared under subtropical agroclimatic conditions

Selvan

Tantia

Kumar

et al. 2019

Indian J of Anim Sci

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Data on birth weight and mortality pattern of Zebu (Sahiwal and Tharparkar) and Crossbred (Holstein Friesian Ã— Tharparkar) cattle spread over 16 years were utilized to analyze the causes of calf mortality and to study the effect of non-genetic factors on calf mortality. Calf mortality was higher in crossbred (27.7%) compared to either Sahiwal (20.7%) or Tharparkar cattle (11.9%). Age group wise analysis revealed maximum mortality within one month age in Zebu cattle, and during 1â€“3 months age in crossbred cattle. Mortality was higher in calves born during winter, summer and rainy seasons in Sahiwal, crossbred and Tharparkar, respectively. Mortality was higher among male calves compared to female calves. Significantly higher proportion of Sahiwal calves died due to respiratory problems, while general debility was the major reason for calf mortality in crossbred and Tharparkar cattle. Season of birth had highly significant influence within one month age in Sahiwal and crossbred cattle. Influence of all the non genetic factors on calf mortality at various age groups was found to be non significant in Tharparkar cattle. It is inferred that calf mortality was higher in crossbred compared to Zebu cattle and the effect of season of birth and birth weight had a significant effect on calf mortality during first three months age. Among the several causes, respiratory problem was a significant reason for the calf mortality.

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Diarrhea in Pre-Weaned Calves: Relative Risk Rates for Morbidity and Mortality in 13 Commercial Farms of Hot Arid Zone

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia

Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia

Major Causes of Calf and Lamb Mortality and Morbidity and Associated Risk Factors in the Mixed Crop-Livestock Production System in Jamma District, South Wollo, Ethiopia

Factors influencing calf mortality in zebu and crossbred cattle reared under subtropical agroclimatic conditions

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