Diaphyseal cross‐sectional geometry of the metatarsal bones in the Jomon population

Hagihara, Yasuo; Nara, Takashi

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23463

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…MT1 midshaft cross‐sectional shape has proven useful at distinguishing between archaeological populations with terrestrial and marine mobility strategies in skeletal populations (Later Stone Age [LSA] foragers vs. Andaman Islanders; Stock & Pfeiffer, ), however only among males. Among terrestrially mobile LSA forager women, Stock and Pfeiffer () report mean MT1 I max / I min (1.21) that is most similar to our female recreationally‐active controls (unadjusted mean: 1.22), as well as to the mean of modern Japanese women (1.22) reported in Hagihara and Nara (). These means are all slightly higher on average than those of prehistoric female Jomon foragers (1.17; Hagihara & Nara, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Among terrestrially mobile LSA forager women, Stock and Pfeiffer () report mean MT1 I max / I min (1.21) that is most similar to our female recreationally‐active controls (unadjusted mean: 1.22), as well as to the mean of modern Japanese women (1.22) reported in Hagihara and Nara (). These means are all slightly higher on average than those of prehistoric female Jomon foragers (1.17; Hagihara & Nara, ). In contrast, MT1 midshaft I max / I min among the women endurance runners in our study was more circular (unadjusted mean: 1.12) than that of comparative hunter‐gatherer women (Jomon: 1.17, LSA: 1.21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…In archaeological human populations, first and/or second metatarsal midshaft CSG properties in terrestrially mobile groups do not vary in response to subtle variation such as terrain complexity (Griffin, Gordon, Richmond, & Anton, ), and differ little between prehistoric Jomon hunter‐gatherers and modern humans (Hagihara & Nara, ). However, male MT1 CSG properties have successfully differentiated between prehistoric human groups with terrestrial relative to marine mobility strategies (Stock & Pfeiffer, ), whereas female properties have not.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intensive terrestrial or marine locomotor strategies are associated with inter‐ and intra‐limb bone functional adaptation in living female athletes

Macintosh

Stock

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives To systematically characterize intra‐limb patterns of skeletal plasticity to loading among living women, in order to better understand regional complexity in structural adaptation within the lower limb and more accurately infer behavior in the past. Materials and methods We used peripheral quantitative computed tomography imaging of the femur, tibia, first and second metatarsals to quantify bone morphology among female controls and athletes representative of either terrestrial or marine mobility, grouped by loading category (odd‐impact, repetitive low‐impact, and high‐magnitude). Parameters included midshaft bone density, areas, rigidity, and shape, epiphyseal bone densities and areas. We assessed between‐group differences and the influence of training history on significant variation among the loading groups. Results Terrestrial mobility strategies were best distinguished by significant midshaft periosteal hypertrophy across the lower limb/foot relative to controls, and by particularly high midshaft femoral and tibial cortical bone areas relative to rowers. Enhanced midshaft bone area was typically paired with decreased bone density among athlete groups. Sport‐specific variation in training duration/timing was significantly correlated with multiple midshaft parameters. Discussion Results demonstrate characteristic patterns of intra‐limb adaptation to terrestrial and marine mobility strategies among active women relative to controls, and highlight components of these patterns that may be shaped in part by differences in loading duration/timing. Additionally, our findings support constraints on skeletal variation in the distal tibia and foot relative to more proximal locations about the knee among living women. For example, metatarsal variation was constrained, but where present reflected sport‐specific variation in force distribution in the foot.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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confidence: 99%

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Intensive terrestrial or marine locomotor strategies are associated with inter‐ and intra‐limb bone functional adaptation in living female athletes

Macintosh

Stock

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…However, it should be noted that this was not a controlled experimental setting, and there is still much to learn about loading variation across all segments of the lower limb. For example, there may be some potential for MT I I max /I min ratios to inform on mobility patterns, and the inclusion of all five metatarsals might provide more meaningful information about terrain or behavior (as in Hagihara & Nara, 2018).…”

Section: Variation In Cspmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the femur and tibia are appropriate to compare activity patterns of archeological groups and have been utilized successfully (Cameron & Pfeiffer, 2014; Ruff et al, 1984; Sládek et al, 2006a, 2006b; Stock & Pfeiffer, 2001, 2004). However, smaller bones, like the metatarsals and metacarpals, have been examined infrequently in behavioral analyses (Hagihara & Nara, 2018; Macintosh & Stock, 2019); yet, these bones of the feet, a very functionally significant part of the human body, have potential to provide additional information about behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraindividual variation in the cross‐sectional geometry of the first metatarsal, femur, and tibia

Wollmann

Cameron

2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: The examination of cross-sectional properties (CSP) of long bones can inform about differential activity patterns and levels of mobility. Typically, these analyses have focused on the femur and tibia, but metatarsals might also be informative.This study examines femora, tibiae, and first metatarsals to evaluate the relationships between long bone CSP within the lower limb and how this might improve our interpretations of metatarsal variability. Materials and Methods:The study includes protohistoric Andaman Islanders (n = 26) and Later Stone Age (LSA) Southern Africans (n = 25) from approximately 10,000-500 BP. Skeletal data were acquired from past studies of these groups. Correlations were used to evaluate the relationships between CSP of lower limb bones within individuals. Principal component analyses were used to evaluate how each lower limb bone contributed to variation in CSP among individuals. Results:The correlations between the CSP in the femur and tibia were always strong, but the correlations with the first metatarsal are variable. Variation in femoral loading largely drove PCAs, with less influence by the first metatarsal, or loading in the opposite direction.Discussion: The femur and tibia experience similar patterns of mechanical loading, specifically in compression and tension, but the first metatarsal does not reflect the same biomechanical patterns as the femur and tibia. Similarly, the first metatarsal often drove variation in the opposite direction as the femur, indicating differences in the mechanical loading pattern between the two bones.

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Tibial torsion and pressures in the feet during walking: Implications for patterns of metatarsal robusticity

Wollmann

Marshall

Schrank

et al. 2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: The Dmanisi Homo fossils include a tibia with a low degree of torsion and metatarsals with a pattern of robusticity differing from modern humans. It has been proposed that low tibial torsion would cause a low foot progression angle (FPA) in walking, and consequently increased force applied to the medial rays. This could explain the more robust MT III and IV from Dmanisi. Here we experimentally tested these hypothesized biomechanical relationships in living human subjects. Materials and Methods:We measured transmalleolar axis (TMA, a proxy for tibial torsion), FPA, and plantar pressure distributions during walking in young men (n = 40). TMA was measured externally using a newly developed method. A pressure mat recorded FPA and pressure under the metatarsal heads (MT I vs. MT II-IV vs. MT V).Results: TMA is positively correlated with FPA, but only in the right foot. Plantar pressure under MT II-IV does increase with lower TMA, as predicted, but FPA does not affect pressure. Body mass index also influenced plantar pressure distribution.Discussion: Lower tibial torsion in humans is associated with slightly increased pressures along the middle rays of the foot during walking, but not because of changes in FPA. Therefore, it is possible that the low degree of torsion in the Dmanisi Homo tibia is related to the unusual pattern of robusticity in the associated metatarsals, but the mechanism behind this relationship is unclear. Future work will explore TMA, FPA, and plantar pressures during running.

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Diaphyseal cross‐sectional geometry of the metatarsal bones in the Jomon population

Abstract: Our result suggests that the habitual activity of the Jomon population placed heavy loads on the forefoot. This finding possibly relates to mediolateral forefoot loading that appears to be related to traversing uneven terrain.

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Intensive terrestrial or marine locomotor strategies are associated with inter‐ and intra‐limb bone functional adaptation in living female athletes

Intensive terrestrial or marine locomotor strategies are associated with inter‐ and intra‐limb bone functional adaptation in living female athletes

Intraindividual variation in the cross‐sectional geometry of the first metatarsal, femur, and tibia

Tibial torsion and pressures in the feet during walking: Implications for patterns of metatarsal robusticity

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