Diapause Termination of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Chilo orichalcociliellus Strand (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Ofomata, V.C.; Overholt, William A.; Egwuatu, R. I.

doi:10.1017/s1742758400019457

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In Kenya, C. partellus, S. calamistis, and C. orichalcociliellus enter diapause for several months in the dry season (130,161,163). However, S. calamistis was reported not to enter diapause in Uganda (78) or in Nigeria (68).…”

Section: Diapausementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In coastal Kenya, there is evidence that C. partellus has partially displaced the indigenous stem borer, C. orichalcociliellus (130)(131)(132)141). However, C. orichalcociliellus continues to be found at a relatively high frequency (10-30% of the borer complex), which suggests that the displacement of C. orichalcociliellus will not proceed to extirpation (228).…”

Section: Displacement Of Native Stem Borers By C Partellusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. partellus completes a generation in less time than C. orichalcociliellus (101,131), which may result in a higher population growth rate. Moreover, C. partellus terminates diapause more rapidly than C. orichalcociliellus (130) or B. fusca (92), which may allow C. partellus to colonize host plants before the two native species at the beginning of growing seasons. Kfir (92) speculated that B. fusca avoids plants already infested by C. partellus, using odors associated with host plant feeding.…”

Section: Displacement Of Native Stem Borers By C Partellusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and Management of Economically Important Lepidopteran Cereal Stem Borers in Africa

Kfir

Overholt

Khan

et al. 2002

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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371

302

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▪ Abstract Cereals (maize, sorghum, millet, rice) are extremely important crops grown in Africa for human consumption. Of the various insect pests attacking cereal crops in Africa, lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious. All 21 economically important stem borers of cultivated grasses in Africa are indigenous except Chilo partellus, which invaded the continent from India, and C. sacchariphagus, which has recently been found in sugarcane in Mozambique. C. partellus is competitively displacing indigenous stem borers in East and southern Africa. A parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes, was introduced from Pakistan for biological control of C. partellus and caused a 32–55% decrease in stem borer densities. This article is an attempt to summarize the status of knowledge about economically important cereal stem borers in Africa with emphasis on their distribution, pest status and yield losses, diapause, natural enemies, cultural control, host plant resistance, and biological control. Special attention is given to Busseola fusca and C. partellus, the most important pests of maize and grain sorghum.

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Section: Diapausementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Displacement Of Native Stem Borers By C Partellusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Displacement Of Native Stem Borers By C Partellusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and Management of Economically Important Lepidopteran Cereal Stem Borers in Africa

Kfir

Overholt

Khan

et al. 2002

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

Self Cite

371

302

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“…larvae enter the diapause under unfavorable climatic conditions, i.e. the dry season and the dry spell between the two rainy seasons (Ofomata et al 1999). Th e starting of the first rainy season is critical for both stemborer emergence from diapause and growth of its host plants, maize mainly.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal correlation and spatial synchrony in the stemborer and parasitoid system of Coast Kenya with climate effects

Jiang

Zhou

Overholt

et al. 2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Abstract. The spatial synchrony and the temporal auto-correlationship of the exotic stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the indigenous Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chilo orichalcociliellus (Strand) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and crosscorrelationship with their indigenous and introduced larval parasitoids Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) and Cotesia fl avipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was studied using 3-year data collected in coastal Kenya. An autoregressive model was used to study the effect of climatic stochasticity or population density-dependent factors on stemborer populations. It appeared that rainfall did have a direct impact on stemborers in the south coast and an indirect one in the north coast. Spatial nonparametric correlation functions (SNCF) and cross-correlation functions (SNCCF) were applied for spatial synchrony analysis. The regional synchrony of Ch. partellus and S. calamistis decreased and that of Ch. orichalcociliellus increased after the introduction of Co. fl avipes. The positive crosscorrelation coeffi cient between stemborers and parasitoids suggests a synchrony between the pest and its natural enemy. , ont été étudiés à partir de données collectées sur trois ans dans la région côtière du Kenya. Un modèle d'auto régression a été utilisé afi n d'étudier l'effet stochastique du climat ou les facteurs dépendants de la densité de population sur les foreurs. Il est apparu que la pluie avait un impact direct au sud ou indirect au nord de la région étudiée sur les populations de foreurs. Des fonctions non-paramétriques de corrélation spatiale et croisée ont été appliquées pour l'analyse du degré de synchronie spatiale. Le degré de synchronie régionale des populations de Ch. partellus et de celles de S. calamistis a diminué alors qu'il a augmenté pour celles de Ch. orichalcociliellus après l'introduction de Co. fl avipes. Le coeffi cient positif d'auto corrélation entre les populations de foreurs et celles des parasitoïdes suggère un certain degré de synchronie entre les insectes ravageurs et leurs ennemis naturels.

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“…C. partellus is very invasive and once it invades an area it displaces native species and is widely distributed. In coastal Kenya, there is evidence that C. partellus has partially displaced the indigenous stem borer, Chilo orichalcociliellus [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Dichloromethane Leaf Extracts of Carphalea glaucescens in Chilo partellus Larvae

Anne¹,

Ngugi²,

Umar³

et al. 2016

Biochem Anal Biochem

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Acetlycholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine resulting in the termination of nerve impulse at the synapse. Anti-acetylcholinesterase activities stop the passage of the nerve impulse at the synapse resulting in continuous stimulation which can lead to death. The manufacturers of many pesticides target the AChE because it interferes with the passage of the nerve impulse. In vitro study revealed that DCM leaf extract of Carphalea glaucescens has anti-acetylcholinesterase activity against crude acetlycholinesterase (AChE) enzyme extracted from Chilo partellus and an IC 50 of 12.02 mg/ml was calculated. After qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out the phytochemicals which were present were tannins, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and alkaloids.

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Diapause Termination of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Chilo orichalcociliellus Strand (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Biology and Management of Economically Important Lepidopteran Cereal Stem Borers in Africa

Biology and Management of Economically Important Lepidopteran Cereal Stem Borers in Africa

The temporal correlation and spatial synchrony in the stemborer and parasitoid system of Coast Kenya with climate effects

In Vitro Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Dichloromethane Leaf Extracts of Carphalea glaucescens in Chilo partellus Larvae

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