Diapause Induction and Termination in the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Abstract

The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) enters the photoperiodic induction of diapause as 3rd or 4th instar nymphs. The photoperiodic response curves in this planthopper showed a typical long-day response type with a critical daylength of approximately 11 h at 25°C, 12 h at 22 and 20°C and 12.5 h at 18°C, and diapause induction was almost abrogated at 28°C. The third stage was the most sensitive stage to photoperiod. The photoperiodic response curve at 20°C showed a gradual decline in diapause incidence in ultra-long nights, and continuous darkness resulted in 100% development. The required number of days for a 50% response was distinctly different between the short- and long-night cycles, showing that the effect of one short night was equivalent to the effect of three long nights at 18°C. The rearing day length of 12 h evoked a weaker intensity of diapause than did 10 and 11 h. The duration of diapause was significantly longer under the short daylength of 11 h than it was under the long daylength of 15 h. The optimal temperature for diapause termination was 26 and 28°C. Chilling at 5°C for different times did not shorten the duration of diapause but significantly lengthened it when chilling period was included. In autumn, 50% of the nymphs that hatched from late September to mid-October entered diapause in response to temperatures below 20°C. The critical daylength in the field was between 12 h 10 min and 12 h 32 min (including twilight), which was nearly identical to the critical daylength of 12.5 h at 18°C. In spring, overwintering nymphs began to emerge in early March-late March when the mean daily temperature rose to 10°C or higher.

The role of latitudinal, genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papilio glaucus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

“…Temperature has been shown to influence diapause in many insect species (e.g., Menaker & Gross, 1965;Kobayashi & Numata, 1995;Wang et al, 2014). However, in contrast to our prediction, temperature does not appear to affect the incidence of diapause in P. glaucus.…”

When natural enemies go to sleep: diapause induction and termination in the pear psyllid predator Pilophorus gallicus (Hemiptera: Miridae)

“…In the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the corn stalk borer Sesamia nonagrioides Lefèbvre (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), high temperatures (≥25 °C) reduce or avert the diapause‐inducing effect of the photoperiodic signal. The adjustment of the photoperiodic response by temperature has also been reported in many hemipterans . In contrast, in the current study, temperature was not found to have a significant effect on the egg diapause‐induction response of P. gallicus females, at least in the range assayed (18–23 °C).…”

“…The adjustment of the photoperiodic response by temperature has also been reported in many hemipterans. [65][66][67][68] In contrast, in the current study, temperature was not found to have a significant effect on the egg diapause-induction response of P. gallicus females, at least in the range assayed (18-23 ∘ C). The same response was found in other Hemipteran species from similar latitudes, such as the mirid bugs Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür and Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev (Hemiptera: Miridae) 69 and the bean bug Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Hemiptera: Alydidae).…”

Olfactory co‐receptor Orco stimulated by Rice stripe virus is essential for host seeking behavior in small brown planthopper

“…SBPH overwinters with the diapause state in winter (the average temperature 3-5 ∘ C), which is induced by low temperature and short photoperiod. 39 The extreme high temperature can also induce SBPH diapause in The levels of LstrOrco transcripts in insects after feeding rice (CK), dsGFP and dsOrco (with 150 ng μL −1 dsRNA concentration for 4 days), respectively. After qRT-PCR, the levels of LstrOrco transcripts were normalized relative to -actin transcript according to ΔC T algorithm, and the resulting 2 -ΔCt values were used to plot with different feeding treatments as the abscissa.…”