Diamond detector technology, status and perspectives

Kagan, H.; Alexopoulos, Andreas V.; Artuso, M.; Bachmair, F.; Bäni, L.; Bartosik, M.; Beacham, J. B.; Beck, H. C.; Bellini, Vincenzo; Belyaev, V.; Bentele, B.; Bergonzo, P.; Bès, A.; Brom, J.-M.; Bruzzi, M.; Chiodini, G.; Chren, D.; Cindro, V.; Claus, G.; Collot, J.; Cumalat, J. P.; Dabrowski, A.; D’Alessandro, R.; Dauvergne, D.; Boer, W. De; Dick, Steven J.; Dorfer, C.; Dünser, M.; Eremin, V.; Forcolin, G. T.; Forneris, J.; Gallin-Martel, L.; Gallin-Martel, M.-L.; Gan, K. K.; Gastal, M.; Giroletti, C.; Goffe, Mathieu; Goldstein, J.; Голубев, А. А.; Gorišek, A.; Grigoriev, E.; Große-Knetter, J.; Grummer, A.; Gui, B.; Guthoff, M.; Haughton, I.; Hiti, B.; Hits, D.; Hoeferkamp, M. R.; Hofmann, Thomas; Hosslet, J.; Hostachy, J-Y.; Huegging, F.; Hutton, C.; Janssen, J.; Kanxheri, K.; Kasieczka, G.; Kass, R.; Kassel, F.; Kiš, M.; Kramberger, G.; Kuleshov, S.; Lacoste, A.; Lagomarsino, S.; Giudice, A. Lo; Lukosi, Eric; Maazouzi, C.; Mandić, I.; Mathieu, C.; Menichelli, M.; Mikuž, M.; Morozzi, A.; Moss, J.; Mountain, R.; Murphy, S.; Muškinja, M.; Oh, A.; Olivero, P.; Passeri, D.; Pernegger, H.; Perrino, R.; Picollo, F.; Pomorski, M.; Potenza, R.; Quadt, A.; Re, Alessandro; Reichmann, M.; Riley, G.; Roe, S.; Sanz, D.; Scaringella, M.; Schaefer, Dagmar; Schmidt, C.; Smith, D. S.; Schnetzer, S.; Sciortino, S.; Scorzoni, A.; Seidel, S. C.; Servoli, L.; Sopko, B.; Sopko, V.; Spagnolo, S.; Spanier, S.; Stenson, K.; Stone, R.; Sutera, C.; Taylor, A. C.; Tannenwald, B. B.; Traeger, M.; Tromson, D.; Trischuk, W.; Tuvé, C.; Velthuis, J. J.; Venturi, N.; Vittone, E.; Wagner, S. R.; Wallny, R.; Wang, J.C.; Weingarten, J.; Weiß, C.; Wengler, T.; Wermes, N.; Yamouni, M.; Zavrtanik, M.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.06.009

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, manufacturing and cost issues in producing single crystal sensor grade material (scCVD) as well as charge collection performance and other systematic issues associated with the grain structure of polycrystalline (pCVD) diamond, have so far prevented diamond pixels to become real tracking devices in an experimental arrangement. However, large progress has been made in developing 'quasi tracker' like detectors, as for example the ATLAS Diamond Beam Monitor (DBM) consisting of four 3-layer telescopes arranged symmetrically around the beam at small forward and backward angles (see also [35]). An efficiency map [36] exhibiting also the grain structure is shown in fig.…”

Section: Pixel Sensors In High Radiation Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3D technique can in diamond be realized by laser drilling sub-micrometer resistive holes [37,35]. A diamond 3D assembly is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Pixel Sensors In High Radiation Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3(b). With 150 µm 2 cell size a signal of 13 500 e − corresponding to a charge collection distance CCD > 350 µm was measured with 92% column efficiency [35].…”

Section: Pixel Sensors In High Radiation Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pixel detectors ... where do we stand?

Wermes

2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Pixel detectors have been the working horse for high resolution, high rate and radiation particle tracking for the past 20 years. The field has spun off into imaging applications with equal uniqueness. Now the move is towards larger integration and fully monolithic devices with to be expected spin-off into imaging again. Many judices and prejudices that were around at times were overcome and surpassed. This paper attempts to give an account of the developments following a line of early prejudices and later insights.

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Section: Pixel Sensors In High Radiation Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3D technique can in diamond be realized by laser drilling sub-micrometer resistive holes [37,35]. A diamond 3D assembly is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Pixel Sensors In High Radiation Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pixel detectors ... where do we stand?

Wermes

2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…At present, SCD detectors are widely used in fusion experiments, medical, and fission reactor applications, which are emerging as next‐generation semiconductor radiation detectors with great potential. [ 6 ] Due to the extremely high resistivity of the diamond film [ 7 ] (usually > 10 12 Ω cm), the device configuration of the SCD detector is simple, not requiring p–n junctions for low leakage current as any other counterpart. [ 8,9 ] In general, the SCD detector utilizes a vertical “sandwich” layout of a metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structure with low capacitance, fast response, and low noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Single‐Crystal Diamond Detector for Accurate Pulse Shape Discrimination Based on Self‐Organizing Map Neural Networks

Huang

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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The extraordinary properties of diamond, such as ultrawide bandgap (%5.5 eV), radiation hardness, high resistivity, and high carrier mobility, make it an ideal material for robust radiation detectors yet with a simple structure. [1][2][3][4] In recent years, the quality of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) single-crystal diamond (SCD) has been greatly improved, [5] which makes SCD detectors possible in counting and spectroscopy applications. At present, SCD detectors are widely used in fusion experiments, medical, and fission reactor applications, which are emerging as nextgeneration semiconductor radiation detectors with great potential. [6] Due to the extremely high resistivity of the diamond film [7] (usually > 10 12 Ω cm), the device configuration of the SCD detector is simple, not requiring p-n junctions for low leakage current as any other counterpart. [8,9] In general, the SCD detector utilizes a vertical "sandwich" layout of a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure with low capacitance, fast response, and low noise. [10] The physical mechanism of SCD detectors is similar to that of other semiconductor detectors, operated by generating current out of ionizing radiation. [11] SCD detectors therefore can be used to measure α-particles, electrons, [12] X-rays, γ-rays, [13] and neutrons. [14] However, these applications rely on the high performance of the detector, in which charge collection efficiency (CCE), energy resolution, and time response are the three leading criteria to evaluate the performance of SCD detectors. The detector's performance greatly depends on the properties of the diamond. [15,16] In addition, accurate neutron monitoring in high-radiation flux of the fission and fusion reactors [17,18] requires algorithms that can distinguish the signals of interests from the background. As SCD detectors are sensitive to γ-rays, it is necessary in these applications to distinguish neutrons from γ-rays background. In fact, high-energy neutron radiation would induce "point-like" ionizations over the entire volume of the SCD, as heavily charged products of the nuclear reaction are greatly localized with their short range. However, this is different from the effects caused by the incident γ-rays. When the MeV

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“…Due to its exceptional chemical/physical properties, such as a wide bandgap energy, high breakdown electric field, high carrier mobility, high thermal conductivity, and low dielectric constant, Chemically Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamond is a promising material for applications in power electronic devices and particle detectors. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Nevertheless, the manufacturing of diamond devices is still hampered by the mm 2 size and the number of extended defects present in the available single crystal substrates. To overcome these issues, several approaches were recently developed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dislocation density reduction using overgrowth on hole arrays made in heteroepitaxial diamond substrates

Mehmel¹,

Issaoui²,

Brinza³

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Letters

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The growth of large-area diamond films with low dislocation density is a landmark in the fabrication of diamond-based power electronic devices or high-energy particle detectors. Here, we report the development of a growth strategy based on the use of micrometric laserpierced hole arrays to reduce dislocation densities in heteroepitaxial chemical vapor deposition diamond. We show that, under optimal growth conditions, this strategy leads to a reduction in dislocation density by two orders of magnitude to reach an average value of 6 Â 10 5 cm À2 in the region where lateral growth occurred, which is equivalent to that typically measured for commercial type Ib single crystal diamonds.

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Diamond detector technology, status and perspectives

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Pixel detectors ... where do we stand?

Pixel detectors ... where do we stand?

High‐Performance Single‐Crystal Diamond Detector for Accurate Pulse Shape Discrimination Based on Self‐Organizing Map Neural Networks

Dislocation density reduction using overgrowth on hole arrays made in heteroepitaxial diamond substrates

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