Diameter of mammary terminal ducts as an additional tool in evaluation of women with polycystic ovarium disease

Panaritis, V.; Despotidis, P.; Kyriakidis, A

doi:10.1007/s00404-003-0555-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Our data indicated that the mean diameters of the terminal ducts were statistically significantly higher in the PCOS patients than the control subjects. Panaritis et al also suggested a relationship between the diameters of terminal ducts and PCOS like the results of our study (21). Furthermore, in another study by Milliken et al that involved transgenic mice they reported that the increased LH levels were the cause of gland hyperplasia (22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Alterations in terminal duct diameter and blood flow in the breasts of subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome

Yüksekkaya¹,

Çelikyay²,

Yüksekkaya³

et al. 2019

Kocaeli Med J

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…One theory is that this occurs via the changes in blood flow. In fact, there are many reports regarding the blood flow changes in malignant and benign tumors of the breast (13)(14)(15)21,22). PCOS-related breast disorders have been examined by some authors (4)(5)(6)(7)11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in terminal duct diameter and blood flow in the breasts of subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome

Yüksekkaya¹,

Çelikyay²,

Yüksekkaya³

et al. 2019

Kocaeli Med J

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show abstract

“…The diameters of the main ducts in the non‐lactating breast as measured by ultrasound are between 1.2 mm and 2.5 mm in diameter. Dilated ducts in the non‐lactating breast may be caused by conditions such as polycystic ovarian disease 22 or ductal ectasia. The nipple pores are 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm in diameter and are surrounded by circular muscle fibres 4,5…”

Section: Gross Anatomy Of the Non‐lactating Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inside the Lactating Breast: The Latest Anatomy Research

Geddes

2007

J Midwife Womens Health

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Although it is well recognized that a thorough understanding of the anatomy of an organ is essential to enable assessment of any abnormalities in that organ, there has been little investigation of the anatomy of the normal lactating breast since Sir Astley Cooper performed detailed dissections of the anatomy of the breast more than 160 years ago. Many mothers recognize that breast milk provides the ultimate nutrition and protection for the infant; however, a significant proportion of women experience difficulties breastfeeding, some of which lead to weaning the infant. Recently, a small number of studies have focused on the gross anatomy of the breast, and have found that the ductal system is comprised of fewer numbers of main ducts than previously thought. In addition, the ducts are compressible and do not contain large amounts of milk, the amount of fatty tissue in the breast is variable, and a proportion is situated within the glandular tissue. These findings add to our understanding of both the physiology and pathology of the lactating breast.

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“…However, the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its binding proteins in breast carcinogenesis suggests a complex interplay of hormonal factors in breast tissue changes [12] . Brkić M et al and Panaritis et al have respectively highlighted unopposed hyperestrogenism and changes in the diameter of the main terminal lactiferous ducts as factors associated with BBD and PCOS [13,14] . In exploring the relationship between PCOS and FCCs, our study, adhering to the Rotterdam criteria, found no significant age difference between PCOS patients and controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between polycystic ovarian disease and fibrocystic breast disease

Al-leeloo,

Al-Ogaili

2024

Int. J. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol.

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder that affects approximately 5-10% of women of reproductive age, manifesting in a spectrum of symptoms including hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and infertility due to chronic anovulation. Notably characterized by insulin resistance and elevated serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, PCOS poses an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Aim of the study: to investigate the association between polycystic ovary syndrome and fibrocystic breast disease. Method: Between June 2010 and June 2011, a study at Al-Kadhymia Teaching Hospital examined 100 women, divided into 50 with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and 50 controls, to explore the correlation between PCOS and clinical manifestations like menstrual irregularities and breast pathology. Using the 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria for diagnosis, the study included detailed clinical assessments, transvaginal ultrasound, and hormone level measurements. Adhering to ethical standards, it aimed to deepen the understanding of PCOS's impact on women's health. Results: In a study involving 100 women divided into PCOS and control groups, significant findings included a higher mean BMI in the PCOS group compared to controls and varied endocrine parameters across PCOS phenotypes. Fibrocystic breast disease was notably more prevalent in the PCOS group, with a statistically significant difference and a relative risk of 4.929, indicating a potential link between PCOS and specific benign breast pathologies. Conclusion:The study revealed a significant correlation between PCOS and fibrocystic breast disease, with non-classic PCOS phenotypes (O + P, H + P, O + H + P) occurring more frequently than the classic phenotype (O + H). Notably, the non-hyperandrogenic phenotype (O + P) presented with the lowest endocrine parameters, suggesting a distinct subtype within PCOS as per the Rotterdam criteria.

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Diameter of mammary terminal ducts as an additional tool in evaluation of women with polycystic ovarium disease

Abstract: Our study showed that there seems to be a strong relation between the increased diameter of the main terminal lactiferous ducts- the polycystic configuration of the ovaries and the hormonal levels.

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Alterations in terminal duct diameter and blood flow in the breasts of subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome

Alterations in terminal duct diameter and blood flow in the breasts of subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome

Inside the Lactating Breast: The Latest Anatomy Research

The association between polycystic ovarian disease and fibrocystic breast disease

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