Diameter dependence of the apparent tensile modulus of hemp fibres: A morphological, structural or ultrastructural effect?

Placet, Vincent; Trivaudey, Frédérique; Cissé, Ousseynou; Gucheret-Retel, Violaine; Boubakar, M. Lamine

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.10.019

Cited by 122 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The authors also emphasized the importance of the fiber lumen, which is also a kind of defect, although with lower sensitivity in their analysis. In spite of the extensive study, the Placet et al [22] work was not able to end up with a specific mathematical relationship between E and d. Therefore, the present work presents, for the first time, a hyperbolic equation on the E vs. d dependence. In the case of curaua fibers, this relationship would be like those shown in Eq.…”

Section: Load (N)mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…As for the mechanism responsible for the E vs. d inverse correlation, an experimental fact reported by Placet et al [22] suggests that defects/flaws/irregularities might play a major role, just as in the case of the σ vs. d inverse correlation [20,21]. Indeed, a high positive linear correlation between σ and E for an extensive range of fiber diameters was presented by Placet et al [22] and attributed in 1980 [24] to a decrease in microfibril angle and increase in cellulose content.…”

Section: Load (N)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As for the elastic modulus dependence on the fiber diameter, in a very recent paper, Placet et al [22] suggested that many factors including porosity, which is a kind of defect, could be responsible for an inverse correlation between the elastic modulus (E) and the lignocellulosic fiber diameter (d). Based on the 3D hollow model, applying laminated composite tube theory [23], Placet et al [22] concluded that in hemp fibers the fraction of crystalline cellulose, the microfibril angle, the amorphous cellulose shear modulus and the crystalline cellulose elastic modulus are the main factor for the E vs. d correlation.…”

Section: Load (N)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the 3D hollow model, applying laminated composite tube theory [23], Placet et al [22] concluded that in hemp fibers the fraction of crystalline cellulose, the microfibril angle, the amorphous cellulose shear modulus and the crystalline cellulose elastic modulus are the main factor for the E vs. d correlation. The authors also emphasized the importance of the fiber lumen, which is also a kind of defect, although with lower sensitivity in their analysis.…”

Section: Load (N)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weibull analysis for the diameter dependence of the elastic modulus of curaua fibers

2013

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The curaua fiber is one of the strongest lignocellulosic fibers and is currently being considered as reinforcement of polymer composites for industrial applications such as automobile interior components and bicycle helmets. The tensile strength of the curaua fiber was found to display an inverse variation with its corresponding equivalent diameter. Since the stiffness of the fiber is also important for its use as composite reinforcement, the present work investigated the dependence of the elastic modulus of curaua fibers with the associated diameters. The results confirmed the existence of an inverse dependence between the elastic modulus and the fiber diameter. In principle, this could allow a selection of stiffer curaua fibers to be used as reinforcement in polymer composites with comparatively higher elastic modulus. A possible mechanism for this inverse dependence is discussed following structural differences between thicker and thinner fibers.

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Section: Load (N)mentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Load (N)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Load (N)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Load (N)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weibull analysis for the diameter dependence of the elastic modulus of curaua fibers

2013

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“…The flax fiber has a quite complex geometry [23] that can be evaluated using a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy); nevertheless, this microscopic method is quite invasive and therefore not suitable for a subsequent mechanical analysis. On the other hand, a SEM performed on the prestressed fiber can furnish not reliable data because of the induced permanent deformations.…”

Section: Mechanical Parameters Of Flax Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo method applied to the mechanical dating of the Turin Shroud

Basso

Fanti

Malfi³

2015

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Alternative dating methods to radiocarbon have been recently developed to study the Turin Shroud (TS), the linen sheet that according to the tradition enveloped the dead body of Jesus Christ; among them, a mechanical one is based on the study of five mechanical parameters in reference to the breaking strength, the Young modulus and the loss factor. This method tests single TS linen fibers using a machine, built in for the purpose, capable to measure the stress-stain parameters during loading cycles. These parameters have been already shown to be dependent on the age of the linen under test, and a preliminary result has been obtained: the TS date is 400 A.D. ±400 years at 95% confidence level. A companion paper has combined this mechanical result with two chemical ones, coming from Raman and FT-IR spectra, and the combined result is 90 AD ±200 years at 95% confidence level, thus confirming the compatibility of the age of the TS with the period in which Jesus Crist lived in Palestine. As the evaluation of the uncertainty propagation is not simple in the case of the mechanical parameters, this paper tries to furnish a more reliable result applying the Monte Carlo method to the mechanical parameters directly measured. The obtained mechanical age of the TS of 279 A.D. ±216 years at 95% confidence level is compatible with the previous results, but with an uncertainty almost halved.

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The tensile behavior of off‐axis loaded plant fiber composites: An insight on the nonlinear stress–strain response

et al. 2012

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Composites in load‐bearing applications are often exposed to off‐axis loads. For plant fiber composites (PFCs) to be seriously and readily considered in structural applications, knowledge and reliable prediction of their response to off‐axis loads is critical. This article (i) characterizes the stress–strain response, (ii) investigates the tensile properties, and (iii) analyses the fracture modes, of unidirectional flax‐polyester composites subjected to off‐axis tensile loading. A key finding of this study is that due to the nonlinear stress–strain response of PFCs, the apparent stiffness of the composite reduces by ∼30% in the strain range of 0.05 to 0.25%. In addition, through cyclic tests on the composites, the elastic strain limit is found to be only ∼0.15%. This has major implications on the strain range to be used for the determination of the composite elastic Young's modulus. Consequently, it is proposed that the tensile modulus for PFCs should be measured in the strain range of 0.025 to 0.100%. Through comparison with experimental data, conventional composite micromechanical models are found to be adequate in quantitatively describing the tensile behavior of off‐axis loaded PFCs. The application of such models has also enabled the determination of, otherwise difficult to measure, material properties, such as fiber shear and transverse modulus. Off‐axis loaded PFCs fail by three distinct fracture modes in three different off‐axis ranges; each fracture mode produces a unique fracture surface. POLYM. COMPOS. 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Diameter dependence of the apparent tensile modulus of hemp fibres: A morphological, structural or ultrastructural effect?

Cited by 122 publications

References 56 publications

Weibull analysis for the diameter dependence of the elastic modulus of curaua fibers

Weibull analysis for the diameter dependence of the elastic modulus of curaua fibers

Monte Carlo method applied to the mechanical dating of the Turin Shroud

The tensile behavior of off‐axis loaded plant fiber composites: An insight on the nonlinear stress–strain response

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