Diálogos sobre a adolescência e a ameaça de exclusão dos privilegiados

Abstract

Este trabalho tem a intenção de abordar o tema da adolescência e estabelecer um campo de diálogo, sob tensão, com saberes que o consideram objeto de pesquisa, como a da sociologia. A partir da diferenciação entre o tema da adolescência como questão subjetiva e adolescência como fenômeno social - diferença nem sempre considerada entre psicanalistas e demais pesquisadores das ciências humanas -, é possível retomar a inscrição histórica do advento da adolescência e fazer o exercício de escuta de discursos de sujeitos que, em seu percurso adolescente, explicitam impasses e tensões da posição que ocupam e almejam garantir na estrutura social que os antecede. Diferentemente do que se poderia supor, a ameaça de exclusão não afeta somente aqueles que pertencem a segmentos socioeconômicos menos favorecidos, mas também os ditos privilegiados, diante da angústia de perda da posição socioeconômica herdada na pirâmide social vigente. A experiência com a formação de jovens nessas condições sociais permitiu a emergência de discursos que denunciam o impasse vivido.

COMPLEX THINKING suPPOrTING CArE sTrATEGIEs FOr THE PrEVENTION OF sTDs/AIDs IN ADOLEsCENCE

“…[ Therefore, the construction and exercise of autonomy are among the strategies listed by the study participants for the prevention of STDs/ AIDS and promotion of the adolescents' sexual health. However, when considering complexity as a system of interactions and adolescence itself as a social phenomenon, 3 the need is considered for this investment to be extended to other scenarios, such as school and family, 5 where they can establish together mechanisms of help for the adolescent, in order to understand that health also depends on factors that are intrinsic to the subject. In this particular context, health depends on behaviors adopted considering the risks and uncertainties of unprotected sexual practice.…”

“…Conceiving of the adolescent based oncomplexity means contemplating him/her in his/her multidimensionality. To that end, it is necessary to recognize him/her beyond the mechanistic simplification of a body in physiological, morphological and psychologicaltransition, 3 but also as a subject that reflects and is reflected by cultural and social aspects.…”

“…However, this reality is still challenging to the society, to the health care systems, and consequently to nursing, whereas it differs from the stereotype of adolescence as a crisis phase and generator of conflict. 3 This characterization exists since the first scientific construct on the subject, which comes with Stanley Hall's Storm and Stress Model in the early twentieth century, which, under the influence of Darwin's Evolutionary Theory, considers adolescence a fundamentally biological process. 4 Indeed, these parameters corroborate the hegemonic paradigm that focuses on health and disease, or even on human development, as occurs when the beginning and end of adolescence are chronologically predetermined.…”

Nurses' perceptions of the vulnerabilities to STD/AIDS in light of the process of adolescence

“…Adolescents must deal with hormonal changes and social tensions, where the emerging reality cannot be reduced to the actual pubertal stage of a body in subjective crisis, but to the pursuit of belonging and social recognition (4) . However, in the context of healthcare, the factors related to the intensity with which the connections of adolescence are established and the individual vulnerabilities related to the knowledge and protective attitudes of the individual; the contextual vulnerabilities related to socioeconomic and cultural conditions; and the programmatic vulnerabilities that correspond to the sectors and intervention/healthcare strategies (5) may impair the adolescents' ability to recognize the uncertainties of this process.…”

“…In spite of the knowledge defi cits of adolescents in relation to STD/AIDS, studies (6,7,10) reveal that a large number of individuals are aware of the preventive methods but do not practice safe sex. This behaviour can be understood in the light of complexity (2) if we are to consider the crises experienced by adolescents when they have to cope with the risks and uncertainties (4) . In the fi eld of programmatic vulnerabilities (5) , in terms of STD/AIDS, nurses tend to defi ne themselves as essential for the access and accessibility to health, which is reinforced by the professional nursing staff of the healthcare sector, the comprehensiveness of care or the connections between the members of the multidisciplinary healthcare team/patient/family.…”