Diallyl trisulfide inhibited tobacco smoke-mediated bladder EMT and cancer stem cell marker expression via the NF-κB pathway in vivo

Abstract

Objective This study examined the effect of the NF-κB pathway on tobacco smoke-elicited bladder epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) marker expression in vivo. The effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) treatment was also examined. Methods BALB/c mice were exposed to tobacco smoke and treated with an NF-κB inhibitor and DATS. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the changes of relevant indices. Results Phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa-B kinase alpha/beta expression and p65 and p50 nuclear transcription were increased by tobacco smoke exposure, whereas inhibitor of kappa-B expression was decreased. In addition, tobacco smoke reduced the expression of epithelial markers but increased that of mesenchymal and CSC markers. Our study further demonstrated that tobacco smoke-mediated EMT and CSC marker expression were attenuated by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, DATS reversed tobacco smoke-induced NF-κB pathway activation, EMT, and the acquisition of CSC properties in bladder tissues. Conclusions These data suggested that the NF-κB pathway regulated tobacco smoke-induced bladder EMT, CSC marker expression, and the protective effects of DATS.

Global Trends in Research of Treatment on Bladder Cancer with Chinese Medicine Monomer from 2000 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis

“…Constitutive NF- κ B activation was observed in high-grade bladder cancer [ 24 , 25 ]. Geng et al's research suggest that the NF- κ B pathway regulates the expression of bladder EMT and CSC markers induced by tobacco smoke, as well as the protective effect of tobacco smoke that NF- κ B pathway regulates the expression of bladder EMT and CSC markers and the protective effect of DATS induced by tobacco smoke [ 26 ]. Multiple molecules could enhance bladder cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation by activating NF- κ B signaling [ 27 , 28 ].…”

“…Multiple molecules could enhance bladder cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation by activating NF- κ B signaling [ 27 , 28 ]. Some compounds can also inhibit bladder cancer by inhibiting NF-kappa B [ 25 , 26 , 29 ]. This study shows that quercetin is the most studied monomer compound in all traditional Chinese medicine.…”

Pesticides and Bladder Cancer: Mechanisms Leading to Anti-Cancer Drug Chemoresistance and New Chemosensitization Strategies

“…Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a component of garlic essential oil, is an effective insecticide for controlling aphids, found on most plants in yards and gardens. DATS reversed tobacco smoke-induced NF-κB pathway activation, EMT, and the acquisition of cancer stem cell-like properties in bladder tissues [177]. NF-κB and its pathways have been targeted using multiple biologics, macro-and small-molecule approaches [178].…”

Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Dietary Agents: An Important Therapeutic Strategy against Human Malignancies

“…In addition, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway also participates in enhancing survival of CSCs [ 304 ]. The down-regulation of NF-κB signaling impairs CSC features in bladder cancer [ 305 ]. In liver cancer cells, curcumin reduces their proliferation and colony formation capacities as well as inhibiting CSCs features.…”