Dialdehyde pectin-crosslinked and hirudin-loaded decellularized porcine pericardium with improved matrix stability, enhanced anti-calcification and anticoagulant for bioprosthetic heart valves

Abstract

To conveniently and effectively cure heart valve diseases or defects, combining with transcatheter valve technology, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) originated from the decellularized porcine pericardium (D-PP) have been broadly used...

Hyaluronic Acid-Grafted Bioprosthetic Heart Valves Achieved by Copolymerization Exhibited Improved Anticalcification and Antithrombogenicity

“…Immobilization of polysaccharides (HA, chondroitin sulfate, and pectin) was an effective method to improve hydrophilic property and various biological properties of pericardium. − HA-modified pericardium based on physical entanglements was capable of promoting the adhesion of endothelial cell and its anticalcification/antithrombogenicity . However, the long-term stability of the physical immobilization in vivo was unpredictable.…”

“…However, this method required three steps to graft chondroitin sulfate, which was more complicated. The crosslinking between dialdehyde pectin and pericardium could enhance anticalcification and antithrombogenicity of pericardium . However, non-Glut-crosslinked pericardium still needs further investigations to verify its clinical efficacy.…”

“…Hydrophilic modification by the use of polysaccharides is an effective method to improve the hydrophilicity and various biological properties of pericardium. − Hydrophilic modification could form a hydration layer, which provided a physical barrier against the adhesion of proteins and platelets. , Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide with good biological properties, accounting for about 60% of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in native valve tissues, − and has been used in ophthalmology, arthritis, and drug delivery. − HA is widely used in tissue engineering due to its similar characteristics to body tissues. , Meanwhile, GAG is effective in absorbing compressive loads, modulating shear stresses, and resisting tissue buckling. Studies by the Vyavahare group revealed that the loss of GAG is responsible for the degeneration of BHVs, and the stabilization of GAG could resist tissue buckling and subsequently improve the durability of BHVs. − However, they also found that removal of GAGs did not impact the calcification potential .…”

Well-designed two-fold crosslinked biological valve leaflets with heparin-loaded hydrogel coating for enhancing anticoagulation, endothelialization, and anticalcification

“…AP was synthesized according to our previous study. 33 Under the condition that the mole ratio of NaIO 4 and d -galacturonic acids (GalA) was 60 : 100, AP was obtained from citrus pectin after the reaction at 60 °C for 4 h and it was stored in the dryer at room temperature.…”

The hybrid crosslinking method improved the stability and anti-calcification properties of the bioprosthetic heart valves

“…Hemolysis test was primarily conducted to evaluate the hemocompatibility of the samples (Hu et al, 2021). Fresh whole rabbit blood was centrifuged (1,100 rpm, 10 min) at 4 °C.…”