Diagram, valence‐to‐core, and hypersatellite Kβ X‐ray transitions in metallic chromium

Abstract

We report on measurements of the Kβ diagram, valence‐to‐core (VtC), and hypersatellite X‐ray spectra induced in metallic Cr by photon single and double K‐shell ionization. The experiment was carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource using the seven‐crystal Johann‐type hard X‐ray spectrometer of the beamline 6‐2. For the Kβ diagram and VtC transitions, the present study confirms the line shape features observed in previous works, whereas the Khβ hypersatellite transition was found to exhibit a complex spectral line shape and a characteristic low‐energy shoulder. The energy shift of the hypersatellite relative to the parent diagram line was deduced from the measurements and compared with the result of extensive multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock (MCDF) calculations. A very good agreement between experiment and theory was found. The MCDF calculations were also used to compute the theoretical line shape of the hypersatellite. A satisfactory agreement was obtained between the overall shapes of the experimental and theoretical spectra, but deviations were observed on the low‐ and high‐energy flanks of the hypersatellite line. The discrepancies were explained by chemical effects, which were not considered in the MCDF calculations performed for isolated atoms.

Valence‐to‐core X‐ray emission spectroscopy of titanium compounds using energy dispersive detectors

“…Comparative studies of vtc-XES have been performed for different molecular complexes of first-row transition metals such as titanium, [20][21][22][23] vanadium, 24 chromium, 25,26 manganese, [27][28][29][30] iron, 16,17 and cobalt. 31 Additionally, vtc-XES has been applied to the study of 4d metals such as molybdenum 32 and niobium, 33 while groups at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) and the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) extended vtc-XES to the time domain by probing the dynamics of valence electrons in iron containing complexes.…”

Fundamental Parameters Related to Selenium Kα and Kβ Emission X-ray Spectra

“…This Lorentzian line shape will have a FWHM obtained by summing the natural width to the spectrometer energy resolution, because the convolution of two centered Lorentzian functions is still a Lorentzian function whose width is just the sum of the two. These procedures have been recently applied to compare high-resolution measurements with simulated spectra [12,13,15].…”

“…A good way of testing the quality of the calculations is by comparing a synthesized emission spectra with high resolution x-ray data from crystal spectrometers. This has been done by the group of Chantler et al for Ti [8,9], Cu [10], and V, Sc, Cr, and Mn [9] and by other collaborations bridging together theory and experiment [11][12][13][14][15]. These high resolution spectra might soon be used to update the SRD 128 database [16] run by the National Institute for Standards and Technology, by providing transferable x-ray standards, traceable to the S.I.…”

Spherically bent mica analyzers as universal dispersing elements for X‐ray spectroscopy

“…The performance of these optics is outstanding, but from a pragmatic standpoint there is a problem: each such optic typically covers a limited energy range at useful Bragg angles, and consequently both synchrotron endstations and laboratory-based facilities must purchase or fabricate a suite of SBCAs based on different orientations of Si, Ge, and other perfect crystals (Gog et al, 2013(Gog et al, , 2018Yavas et al, 2007Yavas et al, , 2017 to cover the various fluorescence lines of any significant number of elements. These considerations are compounded at the numerous synchrotron endstations that seek to measure the most dilute systems or processes with small cross-sections and therefore multiplex several analyzers to increase solid angle for applications in resonant and nonresonant XES (Bergmann, Horne, Collins, Workman, & Cramer, 1999;Duan et al, 2017;Gallo & Glatzel, 2014;Glatzel & Bergmann, 2005;Gog et al, 2013;Lancaster et al, 2011;Pollock & DeBeer, 2011;Rovezzi et al, 2017;Sala et al, 2018;Sokaras et al, 2013;Verbeni et al, 2005;Zeeshan et al, 2019) and in studies of nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering (Bradley et al, 2010;Fister et al, 2006;Huotari et al, 2017;Mao et al, 2003;Verbeni et al, 2009). This problem motivates us to study muscovite mica (henceforth -‗mica'‖) as a candidate diffractive material in SBCAs for XES.…”