Abstract:Forty percent of patients with superficial bladder carcinoma progress towards muscle-invasive carcinoma despite initial therapy. Emergent technologies in the diagnostics and therapy of superficial bladder carcinoma including fluorescence cystoscopy are able to reduce recurrence and progression rates. Nevertheless to date no trial was able to show a benefit with regard to cancer-specific and overall survival using these new technologies. Lymph vessel invasion has been introduced as a new prognostic marker in mu… Show more
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