Diagnostics of COVID-19 based on CRISPR-Cas coupled to Isothermal Amplification: A Comparative Analysis and Update

Abstract

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemics prompted a fast development of novel diagnostic methods of the etiologic virus SARS-CoV-2. Methods based on CRISPR-Cas systems have been particularly promising because they can achieve a similar sensitivity and specificity to the golden standard RT-qPCR, especially when coupled to an isothermal pre-amplification step. Furthermore, they have also solved inherent limitations of RT-qPCR that impede its decentralized use and deployment in the field, such as the need for expensive equipment, high cost per reaction, and delivery of results in hours, among others. In this review, we evaluate publicly available methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 that are based on CRISPR-Cas and isothermal amplification. We critically analyze the steps required to obtain a successful result from clinical samples and pinpoint key experimental conditions and parameters that could be optimized or modified to improve clinical and analytical outputs. The COVID outbreak has propelled intensive research in a short time, which is paving the way to develop effective and very promising CRISPR-Cas systems for the precise detection of SARS-CoV-2. This review could also serve as an introductory guide to new labs delving into this technology.

Point‐of‐care CRISPR/Cas biosensing technology: A promising tool for preventing the possible COVID‐19 resurgence caused by contaminated cold‐chain food and packaging

“…So far, a great many CRISPR/Cas‐based biosensors (mainly including Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13‐based biosensors) have been widely applied in the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 (Hernandez‐Garcia, Morales, Galindo, Jimenez, & Quezada, 2022; Nouri, Tang, et al., 2021; Rahimi et al., 2021; Javalkote et al., 2020). Besides the powerful genome editing ability, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used for the establishment of biosensing methods and opened up a new insight in the design of analytical methods (Chertow, 2018; Pardee et al., 2016).…”

“…(B) Schematic illustration of the proposed electrochemical biosensing strategy utilized with the CRISPR/Cas13a for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. Reproduced with permission (Heo et al., 2022). Copyright 2022, Elsevier…”