Diagnostic value of the Wechsler Memory Scale with selected groups of institutionalized patients.

Howard, Alvin R.

doi:10.1037/h0058479

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In brief, normal cognitive performance levels of all participants was ascertained by psychiatric examination and neuropsychological testing including an initial screen for cognitive impairment [Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); Folstein et al, 1975], followed by specific assessment of cognitive subdomains: Language skills were tested by applying the short version of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) from the CERAD-Plus testbattery (Nicholas et al, 1988; Thalmann et al, 1997); working memory performance was assessed by measuring memory span [digits forward and backward for short term memory assessment from the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised (WMS-R) (Howard, 1950; Härting et al, 2000)]; cognitive flexibility was measured as an indicator of executive functioning [ratio of Trail Making Test A and B (Reitan, 1958; Tombaugh, 2004)]; memory performance was tested by applying the Verbal Learning and Memory Test (VLMT, immediate, delayed and supported recall) (Helmstaedter and Durwen, 1990; Helmstaedter, 2001). The VLMT is a modified german version of the auditory VLMT (Lezak, 1983; Müller et al, 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) at 7 Tesla correlates with amyloid beta in hippocampus and brainstem of cognitively normal elderly subjects

Schreiner

Liu

Gietl

et al. 2014

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) may occur during healthy aging and is a risk factor for Alzheimer Disease (AD). While individual Aβ-accumulation can be measured non-invasively using Pittsburgh Compund-B positron emission tomography (PiB-PET), Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequence, capable of indicating heterogeneous age-related brain pathologies associated with tissue-edema. In the current study cognitively normal elderly subjects were investigated for regional correlation of PiB- and FLAIR intensity.Methods: Fourteen healthy elderly subjects without known history of cognitive impairment received 11C-PiB-PET for estimation of regional Aβ-load. In addition, whole brain T1-MPRAGE and FLAIR-MRI sequences were acquired at high field strength of 7 Tesla (7T). Volume-normalized intensities of brain regions were assessed by applying an automated subcortical segmentation algorithm for spatial definition of brain structures. Statistical dependence between FLAIR- and PiB-PET intensities was tested using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho), followed by Holm–Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.Results: Neuropsychological testing revealed normal cognitive performance levels in all participants. Mean regional PiB-PET and FLAIR intensities were normally distributed and independent. Significant correlation between volume-normalized PiB-PET signals and FLAIR intensities resulted for Hippocampus (right: rho = 0.86; left: rho = 0.84), Brainstem (rho = 0.85) and left Basal Ganglia vessel region (rho = 0.82).Conclusions: Our finding of a significant relationship between PiB- and FLAIR intensity mainly observable in the Hippocampus and Brainstem, indicates regional Aβ associated tissue-edema in cognitively normal elderly subjects. Further studies including clinical populations are necessary to clarify the relevance of our findings for estimating individual risk for age-related neurodegenerative processes such as AD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) at 7 Tesla correlates with amyloid beta in hippocampus and brainstem of cognitively normal elderly subjects

Schreiner

Liu

Gietl

et al. 2014

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Prigatano fasel & Pruyser, 1955) ; (8) patients with hemispherectomy (Mensh, Schu-artz. llatarazzo, & Matarazzo, 1952) ; (9) comniissurotomy (Zaidel & Sperry, 1974) ; (10) prefrontal lobotomy (Struckett, 1953) ; (1 1) temporal lobectomy (Milner, 1968) ; (12) thalamotony (Orchinik, 1960) ; (13) postthalamotony (Shapiro, Sadowsky, Henderson, & Van Buren, 1973) ; plus (14) various groups of "organic" psychotics (Howard, 1950) and (15) "functional" psychotic and neurotic patients (Cohen, 1950).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…If a discrepancy between the Full Scale IQ and the MQ does exist, under what conditions might that discrepancy reflect a true memory deficit (MacCara, 1953)? Is the test helpful in separating "organic" from "psychiatric" patients (e.g., Cohen, 1950;Howard, 1950)? Are some of the new scoring methods (e.g., Bachrach & Mintz, 1974;Kljaji6, 1975;Russell, 1975) useful in improving the discriminative power of the test in identifying patients with identifiable brain dysfunction?…”

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confidence: 99%

Wechsler memory scale: A selective review of the literature

Prigatano

1978

J. Clin. Psychol.

181

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Research on the Werhsler Memory Scale (WMS) is reviewed with respect to questions of its reliability, factor structure, construct validity, and utility. The relationship of Memory Quotient t o Full Scale I& is explored and the conditions undei which disparity between the two scores may be clinically useful indicated. Despite its numerous limitat,ions, the WMS has been a sensitive test of short-term verbal memory. As such, it may be helpful in identifying impairment of the dominant (left) temporal lobe and its medial hippocampal connections. The test is badly in need of re-standardization, however, and suggestions for improving the instrument, are made.

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“…There have been few published studies of the Wechsler Memory Scale. The earlier investigations attempted to discriminate between differently labelled psychiatric groups, such as schizophrenics and organic brain syndromes, on the basis of total scores on the Scale (Cohen, 1950;Howard, 1950 and1954;Parker, 1957). Given the 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

The wechsler memory scale: Preliminary findings toward an australian standardisation

Ivison

1977

Australian Psychologist

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The Wechsler Memory Scale is widely used by clinical psychologists in Australia in the assessment of memory functions in patients with suspected organic cerebral impairment. However, the Scale has never been normed on an Australian population, separate sub-test norms are available for only a limited age range, and individual psychologists have made their own adaptations of certain American idioms.Preliminary findings using Form I of the Scale with a sample of 500 subjects suffering from no known memory impairment raise doubts concerning the applicability of Wechsler's normative data to Australian subjects, both in respect of difficulty level and of the alleged absence of sex differences. Multivariate analysis of the data is reported and normative scales for each sub-test as well as total score.

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Diagnostic value of the Wechsler Memory Scale with selected groups of institutionalized patients.

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Regional Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) at 7 Tesla correlates with amyloid beta in hippocampus and brainstem of cognitively normal elderly subjects

Regional Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) at 7 Tesla correlates with amyloid beta in hippocampus and brainstem of cognitively normal elderly subjects

Wechsler memory scale: A selective review of the literature

The wechsler memory scale: Preliminary findings toward an australian standardisation

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