Diagnostic Value of Inflammatory Markers in Elderly Arab Women with Sarcopenia

Abstract

Several studies have found a correlation between inflammatory markers and sarcopenia; however, limited research has been conducted on the Arabic population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the value of inflammatory parameters in Saudi elderly women with sarcopenia. In this cross-sectional study, 76 elderly Saudi women (>65 years) were stratified according to the presence (n = 26) or absence (n = 50) of sarcopenia, using the operational definition of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). Demographics and clinical data were collected. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance were assessed using bioelectrical impedance, hand grip and timed-up-and-go (TUG) tests, respectively. Inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed using commercially available assays. Muscle mass and strength indicators were lower in the sarcopenia group (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, interleukin 6 (IL-6) was positively correlated with TUG (r = 0.48, p-value < 0.05), while CRP showed an inverse correlation with the right leg muscle (R-Leg-M) and a positive correlation with triceps skinfold (TSF) (r = −0.41, r = 0.42, respectively, p-values < 0.05). Additionally, TSF and R-Leg-M were independent predictors of CRP variation (R2 = 0.35; p < 0.01). Lastly, participants with a TNF-α > 71.2 were five times more likely to have sarcopenia [(OR = 5.85), 95% CI: 1.07–32.08; p = 0.04]. In conclusion, elevated levels of TNF-α are significantly associated with the risk of sarcopenia, while variations perceived in circulating CRP can be explained by changes in the muscle mass indices only among individuals with sarcopenia. The present findings, while promising, need further investigations on a larger scale to determine whether inflammatory markers hold any diagnostic value in assessing sarcopenia among elderly Arab women.