Diagnostic value of endometrial cytology and related technology

Abstract

Background Endometrial cytology is not much popular in the world, but is commonly used in a few countries. Although cytomorphological evaluation of endometrial cytology is complicating, recent advance in technology helps improve diagnostic accuracy. In addition, new reporting system, The Yokohama System, has been introduced as a standard reporting system resembling The Bethesda System of the uterine cervical cytology. Although sample standardization is one of the causes in diagnostic problem, it was solved by liquid‐based cytology (LBC) technology. In addition, standardized diagnostic algorithm by cytomorphological assessment of LBC samples, the Osaki Study Group (OSG) method, was recently proposed as a reliable and reproducible method. LBC can be utilized for ancillary methods. Application of immunocytochemistry and molecular technology on endometrial cytology samples has been studied to improve diagnostic accuracy. Recent progress of molecular technology has revealed many driver gene mutations in endometrial cancer and its precursors. Surprisingly, many studies revealed that even normal endometrial tissue had driver gene mutations. Conclusion Based on the recent advance in knowledge of molecular profile of endometrial lesions and normal endometrial tissue, endometrial cytology will gain much power in clinical usefulness.

Cervical Cytology Preserves Histologically Detected Surface Epithelial Slackening, Unique to thePOLEMutation-subtype in Endometrial Cancer

“…Endometrial cytology is not a popular procedure worldwide, whereas cervical cytology is a practical and less invasive screening tool for the detection of both cervical and endometrial cancers (24,25). The reported frequencies of cervical cytology for the detection of endometrial cancers varies from 25.5% to 45.5% (26)(27)(28)(29), while the non- II).…”

Female Reproductive System

“…Endometrial glandular cells are identified in 2-3% of Pap test cytology specimens, and they may be acquired either as a result of normal shedding during the menstrual cycle or direct sampling of the lower uterine segment [10]. Diagnostic endometrial cytology sampling is also occasionally performed [11].…”

FBXO7, a tumor suppressor in endometrial carcinoma, suppresses INF2-associated mitochondrial division

“…Endometrial carcinoma (ECa) is the most common gynecological malignant cancer, with an increased incidence and fatality rate in developed countries [ 1 ]. Some patients with ECa can be completely cured with surgery, but the outcome of patients with advanced ECa is always poor, requiring a more efficient clinical treatment strategy [ 2 ]. The diagnosis of ECa relies on histopathology, which could not identify the tumor heterogeneity of ECa or improve the efficacy of the ECa treatment [ 3 ].…”