Diagnostic usefulness of five screening assays for HIV in an east African city where prevalence of infection is low

Constantine, Niel T.; Fox, Emile; Abbatte, E. A.; Woody, James N.

doi:10.1097/00002030-198905000-00012

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Due to the presence of impurities in the crude antigen lysate preparations, these assays had relative low specificity and high false positivity. Later confirmatory tests, such as immunofluorescence assays or Western blotting (WB), with high specificity were introduced to eliminate false positivity (35)(36)(37). In the second-generation assays, synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins derived from the immunodominant regions (IDR) of HIV-1 proteins and gp36 of HIV-2 were used to increase sensitivity and reduce false positivity.…”

Section: Generations Of Enzyme Immunoassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Parekh

Fonjungo

et al. 2018

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY HIV diagnostics have played a central role in the remarkable progress in identifying, staging, initiating, and monitoring infected individuals on life-saving antiretroviral therapy. They are also useful in surveillance and outbreak responses, allowing for assessment of disease burden and identification of vulnerable populations and transmission “hot spots,” thus enabling planning, appropriate interventions, and allocation of appropriate funding. HIV diagnostics are critical in achieving epidemic control and require a hybrid of conventional laboratory-based diagnostic tests and new technologies, including point-of-care (POC) testing, to expand coverage, increase access, and positively impact patient management. In this review, we provide (i) a historical perspective on the evolution of HIV diagnostics (serologic and molecular) and their interplay with WHO normative guidelines, (ii) a description of the role of conventional and POC testing within the tiered laboratory diagnostic network, (iii) information on the evaluations and selection of appropriate diagnostics, (iv) a description of the quality management systems needed to ensure reliability of testing, and (v) strategies to increase access while reducing the time to return results to patients. Maintaining the central role of HIV diagnostics in programs requires periodic monitoring and optimization with quality assurance in order to inform adjustments or alignment to achieve epidemic control.

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Section: Generations Of Enzyme Immunoassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Parekh

Fonjungo

et al. 2018

Clin Microbiol Rev

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“…Additionally, it is unclear whether these differences were truly due to varying prevalence rates, or perhaps to a lack of sensitivity and specificity of the serologic assays, as has been shown for HIV [204] and HCV [205]. Because most reports indicated high rates of HHV-8 infection in persons with KS, regardless of their origin, it is probable that the assays possess reasonable ability to detect true infection.…”

Section: Hhv-8 Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human herpesvirus 8 – A novel human pathogen

Edelman

2005

Virol J

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In 1994, Chang and Moore reported on the latest of the gammaherpesviruses to infect humans, human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) [1]. This novel herpesvirus has and continues to present challenges to define its scope of involvement in human disease. In this review, aspects of HHV-8 infection are discussed, such as, the human immune response, viral pathogenesis and transmission, viral disease entities, and the virus's epidemiology with an emphasis on HHV-8 diagnostics.

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“…By 1985, shortly after the introduction of EIA, rapid/ simple anti-HIV-1 tests (RT) became increasingly available [1]. In the beginning, the performance of HIV RT assays was poor when compared with EIA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%