Diagnostic Study of Explosive Cyclogenesis during FGGE

Wash, Carlyle H.; Peak, James E.; Calland, Wynn E.; Cook, William A.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<0431:dsoecd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Yoshida and Asuma (2004) classified ECs over the northwestern Pacific into three types, depending on their positions of formation and rapid development, and many dynamical differences such as upper-level forcing and environmental baroclinicity were found among them. Notable divergences in the structures and development mechanisms of ECs for specific intensities and regions were also shown by many studies (Sanders and Davis 1988;Wash et al 1988;Nuss and Kamikawa 1990;Bullock and Gyakum 1993;Gyakum and Danielson 2000;Wang and Rogers 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Although the fact that ECs frequently occur at the poleward side of a jet axis had been demonstrated by previous studies (Sanders and Gyakum 1980;Wash et al 1988;Yoshida and Asuma 2004), it had not been revealed that the occurrence frequency and spatial distribution of ECs are highly correlated with the intensity and position of the upper-level jet stream, respectively, on the seasonal scale. This study demonstrates clearly that the upper-level jet stream plays an important role in controlling the occurrence frequency and spatial distribution of ECs over the northern Pacific.…”

Section: A Upper-level Jet Streammentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Because the upper-level forcing favors the rapid development of ECs (Uccellini and Kocin 1987;Wash et al 1988;Wang and Rogers 2001;Yoshida and Asuma 2004), the upper-level jet stream is investigated to understand the upper-level larger-scale atmospheric environment for the occurrence frequency and spatial distribution of ECs (Fig. 6).…”

Section: A Upper-level Jet Streammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EC rapid development was considered to be influenced by several factors, such as the upper-level forcing (Rogers and Bosart 1986;Macdonald and Reiter 1988;Hirschberg and Fritsch 1991;Zehnder and Keyser 1991;Reader and Moore 1995), low-level baroclinicity (Wash et al 1988;Manobianco 1989;Lim and Simmonds 2002;Seiler and Zwiers 2016), latent heat release (Gall 1976;Anthes et al 1983;Emanuel et al 1987;Mullen and Baumhefner 1988;Whitaker and Davis 1994;Ahmadi-Givi et al 2004), and surface heat fluxes from the ocean (Chen et al 1992;Kuwano-Yoshida and Asuma 2008;Yoshiike and Kawamura 2009;Kuwano-Yoshida and Enomoto 2013;Hirata et al 2015). Their relative importance strongly depended on the intensity and region of ECs during their rapidly developing stage (Sanders and Davis 1988;Wash et al 1988; Wang and Rogers 2001). Sanders (1986) stratified ECs into three categories of intensity: weak (1.0-1.2 bergerons, moderate (1.3-1.8 bergerons), and strong (.1.8 bergerons) ECs, and his results suggested that the 500-hPa absolute vorticity maxima and cyclonic vorticity advection varied with EC intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Explosive Cyclones over the Northern Pacific

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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Explosive cyclones (ECs) over the northern Pacific Ocean during the cold season (October–April) over a 15-yr (2000–15) period are analyzed by using the Final (FNL) Analysis data provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. These ECs are stratified into four categories according to their intensity: weak, moderate, strong, and super ECs. In addition, according to the spatial distribution of their maximum-deepening-rate positions, ECs are further classified into five regions: the Japan–Okhotsk Sea (JOS), the northwestern Pacific (NWP), the west-central Pacific (WCP), the east-central Pacific (ECP), and the northeastern Pacific (NEP). The occurrence frequency of ECs shows evident seasonal variations for the various regions over the northern Pacific. NWP ECs frequently occur in winter and early spring, WCP and ECP ECs frequently occur in winter, and JOS and NEP ECs mainly occur in autumn and early spring. The occurrence frequency, averaged maximum deepening rate, and developing and explosive-developing lifetimes of ECs decrease eastward over the northern Pacific, excluding JOS ECs, consistent with the climatological intensity distributions of the upper-level jet stream, midlevel positive vorticity, and low-level baroclinicity. On the seasonal scale, the occurrence frequency and spatial distribution of ECs are highly correlated with the intensity and position of the upper-level jet stream, respectively, and also with those of midlevel positive vorticity and low-level baroclinicity. Over the northwestern Pacific, the warm ocean surface also contributes to the rapid development of ECs. The composite analysis indicates that the large-scale atmospheric environment for NWP and NEP ECs shows significant differences from that for the 15-yr cold-season average. The southwesterly anomalies of the upper-level jet stream and positive anomalies of midlevel vorticity favor the prevalence of NWP and NEP ECs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: A Upper-level Jet Streammentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: A Upper-level Jet Streammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Explosive Cyclones over the Northern Pacific

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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“…Wash et al (1992) compared rapidly deepening cases to non-rapidly deepening cases and found that strong upper-tropospheric features at the early stages of development produced stronger vertical motions and quicker development in the rapidly deepening cases. Several modeling and observational studies of individual cases of rapid cyclogenesis have demonstrated the presence of upper-level jet streaks, or upper-level potential vorticity anomalies, during the incipient and deepening phases (Uccellini et al 1984(Uccellini et al , 1985Reed and Albright 1986;Wash et al 1988;Kuo et al 1991; Davis and Emanuel 1991;Reed et al 1992;Kuo et al 1992;Reed et al 1993;Neiman and Shapiro 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-Derived Integrated Water Vapor and Rain Intensity Patterns: Indicators for Rapid Cyclogenesis

McMurdie

Katsaros

1996

Wea. Forecasting

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Rapidly deepening cyclones in midlatitudes are characterized by large cloud shields and abundant condensation qualitatively evident in infrared and visible satellite images. With the availability of passive microwave measurements from polar-orbiting satellites, it is now possible to characterize rapidly deepening cyclones quantitatively in terms of integrated water vapor and precipitation intensity. In this study, fields of integrated water vapor, integrated water vapor anomaly (defined as the observed water vapor content minus the monthly mean water vapor content at the particular location), and rainfall intensity index derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) on the F-8 satellite of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program are examined for 12 North Atlantic rapidly deepening and 11 North Atlantic non-rapidly deepening storms that occurred during the 1988 and 1989 winter months. By correlating concurrent 6-h deepening rates with the satellite-derived parameters for a region within 550 km of the surface low pressure center, signatures of rapid cyclogenesis are identified in the SSM/I fields. Maximum water vapor anomaly and average precipitation index have correlations with concurrent 6-h deepening rates of 0.56 and 0.55, respectively. The correlations improve dramatically when two outliers are removed, becoming 0.68 and 0.70, respectively. These results indicate that, although most rapidly deepening cyclones have high water vapor anomaly and stronger precipitation index than non-rapidly deepening cyclones, there are storms that deepen rapidly in the absense of high water vapor anomaly or heavy precipitation. In addition, occasionally there are storms that have exceptionally high water vapor anomalies yet do not deepen rapidly. In these unusual cases, it is suggested that atmospheric water vapor and condensation play a secondary role and that dynamical processes are dominant.

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Mesoscale Phenomena in Winter Cyclones

Kreitzberg

1991

Reviews of Geophysics

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Diagnostic Study of Explosive Cyclogenesis during FGGE

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of Explosive Cyclones over the Northern Pacific

Characteristics of Explosive Cyclones over the Northern Pacific

Satellite-Derived Integrated Water Vapor and Rain Intensity Patterns: Indicators for Rapid Cyclogenesis

Mesoscale Phenomena in Winter Cyclones

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