Diagnostic Studies of Infectious Bronchitis Disease in Broilers using Pathological and Molecular Investigations in Kaliobeya Governorate, Egypt

Abstract

One thousand, 14-days-old, broiler chickens with respiratory manifestations and a high mortality and high morbidity in Kaliobeya Governorate were the subject of our investigation. Specimens from different organs including trachea, air sacs, lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, brain and spleen were collected and subjected to pathology. The collected specimen were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, dehydrated in gradual alcohol (70-100%), cleared in xylene and embedded in paraffin. Five microns thickness paraffin sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) dyes then examined microscopically. Some of the collected specimens were stored frozen at -20°C to be subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Macroscopically, the trachea showed catarrhal tracheitis represented by congestion and catarrhal exudate inside its lumen with pneumonic area has been observed in lungs. The Kidneys were enlarged, inflamed and the ureters were distended with urates. Necrosis of the epithelial lining of trachea besides hemorrhages, congestion and necrosis with heterophils` and lymphocytes` infiltrations were detected microscopically in kidneys with bronchopneumonia in lungs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was accurate, rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool for detection of IBV in examined chicken organs. The aim of the present study was directed for fully illustration of the histopathological lesions of IBV in broilers as one of the major economically important poultry diseases in Egypt.

Pathological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Study of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt

“…Pathological examination revealed that lesions were more severe in respiratory system than in kidney and this may be due to IBV tropism, strain, immunity, and age of affected birds [27]. The renal lesions were less prominent, and this is compatible with [28,29,30] who recorded a mild pathology in renal tissues of chickens affected with IBV.…”

Comparative Microscopic Pathology of SARS-COVID 19 Infection in Human and Corona Virus Infection in Animals: A Review

“…In avian IBV infection caused congestion of the central vein and hepatic sinusoids, hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, thickening and hyalinization of the portal vein wall and infiltration of lymphocytes and heterophils Ghany and Elseddawy, 2019;Jackwood and De Wit, 2020).…”

“…Kidney of IBV infected birds revealed interstitial nephritis with hemorrhages, tubular degeneration and necrosis, edema of Bowman's capsule and dilated renal tubules with urate crystals, cast and lymphocytic and heterophilic infiltration Ghany and Elseddawy, 2019;Jackwood and De Wit, 2020).…”

“…In wild cats, the brain showed dilated perivascular spaces in the white matter (Mwaseet al, 2015). IBV affected birds brain revealed neuronal cell degeneration, satellitosis and neuronophagia and perivascular lymphocytic cuffing Ghany and Elseddawy, 2019;Jackwood and De Wit, 2020).…”

“…CCoVs produced multifocal hyperemia and diffuse severe lymphoid depletion in the spleen, it was also observed in thymus and lymph nodes (Zappulli et al, 2008). IBV affected spleen showed thickening and hyalinization of central arterioles with endotheliosis and lymphoid cell depletion Ghany and Elseddawy, 2019;Jackwood and De Wit, 2020).…”