Diagnostic Serum Markers for Pre-eclampsia – An Overview

Abstract

Pre-eclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, remains a major global health concern due to its potential for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Serum markers have emerged as valuable tools in this regard, offering insights into the pathophysiology and severity of pre-eclampsia. This comprehensive review explores the diagnostic utility of serum markers in pre-eclampsia. We examine the physiological basis and rationale for using specific markers, including serum uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 24-hour urine protein, and serum prolactin, among others. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and limitations associated with these markers, considering factors influencing marker levels and diagnostic interpretation. Serum markers, when integrated into clinical practice, enhance early diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized care for pregnant individuals. They facilitate the identification of high-risk cases, prompt timely interventions, and reduce maternal and fetal complications associated with pre-eclampsia. Furthermore, clinical guidelines from authoritative bodies endorse the incorporation of serum markers in pre-eclampsia assessment. Serum markers represent a promising frontier in pre-eclampsia diagnosis, offering the potential to revolutionize prenatal care. While challenges exist, ongoing research, standardization efforts, and larger-scale studies will further refine the clinical utility of serum markers. Their integration aligns with established guidelines and holds the promise of improving maternal and fetal outcomes, making a significant impact on global maternal healthcare.