Diagnostic recognition: task constraints, object information, and their interactions

Schyns, Philippe G.

doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00016-x

Cited by 189 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…What is not the case is that we see a pattern across experiments in which there is simply either invariance or dependence. Rather, depending on the homogeneity of the stimulus class and the particular recognition task, we obtain relatively more or less of an effect (Edelman, 1995a;Schyns, 1998). This is exemplified by the results of nine experiments reported by .…”

Section: Reconciling Image-based and Structural-description Modelssupporting

confidence: 63%

Image-based object recognition in man, monkey and machine

1998

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Section: Reconciling Image-based and Structural-description Modelssupporting

confidence: 63%

Image-based object recognition in man, monkey and machine

1998

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“…First, the studies done within this framework have demonstrated that top-down processes (those manipulated through task demands) influence how the integrated image generated after the early perceptual representation is formed Schyns, 1998;Schyns & Oliva, 1994, 1997, 1999. Second, the experimental paradigms reviewed in the preceding pages (critical-band masking, increased exposure, backward masking and priming) were only useful for determining whether SFs were sufficient for recognition, which is very different from when SFs are used in everyday conditions.…”

Section: Theoretical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that the importance of SFs varies depending on the demands of the task was reported by Schyns (1998) in a new framework that attempts to explain how sensorial information is adjusted to the information stored in memory. The most important idea in this framework is that the information required to place the same object in one category or another will change depending on the categorization criterion in use (i.e.…”

Section: A New Framework For Research Into Visual Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the types of features in a face are always the same or very similar, as a general rule they cannot be used as a criteria for fast differentiation of faces (or differentiation with limited conditions), i.e. such aspects will not be diagnostic, but only the particular configuration will be diagnostic (the interrelationship between facial features) since such a configuration is sufficient, unique and significant and therefore useful for recognition (Schyns, 1998). However, holistic processing is probably not efficient when we are asked to recognize people we have just met, such as when we are introduced to several people at a crowded party.…”

Section: Face Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cars and animals) and those where different kinds of categorization are possible. In fact, the diagnostic-recognition approach has been introduced as a general theory for the visual identification/categorization of objects (Schyns, 1998). How are the cerebral hemispheres involved when face perception is going on?…”

Section: What Empirical Evidence Supports the Idea Of Considering Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Face perception: An integrative review of the role of spatial frequencies

Ruiz-Soler

Beltran

2005

Psychological Research

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The aim of this article is to reinterpret the results obtained from the research analyzing the role played by spatial frequencies in face perception. Two main working lines have been explored in this body of research: (a) the critical bandwidth of spatial frequencies that allows face recognition to take place (the masking approach) and (b) the role played by different spatial frequencies while the visual percept is being developed (the microgenetic approach). However, results obtained to date are not satisfactory in that no single explanation accounts for all the data obtained from each of the approaches. We propose that the main factor for understanding the role of spatial frequencies in face perception depends on the interaction between the demands of the task and the information in the image (the diagnostic-recognition approach). Using this new framework, we review the most significant research carried out since the early 1970s to provide a reinterpretation of the data obtained. person/machine interfaces in the near future. The importance of this process has motivated the study of these underlying mechanisms for more than three decades. However, after so much effort, there is still no theory that offers a full explanation of all the results obtained.The research aimed at providing an explanation of the face-recognition process is basically focused on three approaches: cognitive, psychophysical and neurophysiological (see Table 1).The cognitive approach has tried to identify the variables that affect successful perceptual tasks (similarity of stimuli, observation time, level of processing, etc.) and to describe as far as possible the different stages in the process in order to generate a high-level symbolic explanatory model

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Concepts and Categorization

Goldstone

Kersten

Carvalho

2003

Handbook of Psychology

102

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Whenever people think of an object as something (e.g. that Fido is a dog, a pet, or loyal), they are categorizing it using their internal concepts. A concept is a mental representation that allows different things to be treated equivalently for some purpose. People learn concepts to facilitate communication, to make useful predictions about their world, to create mental building blocks for expressing more sophisticated thoughts, and to form efficient representations for objects and situations. We discuss five approaches to how concepts are learned and represented: rules, prototypes, exemplars, category boundaries, and theories. Whereas some of these approaches leave the impression that concepts are isolated mental structures, connections between concepts are also critically important. We discuss connections between concepts and perception that link categorization to object recognition and serve to ground concepts in the world. Consistent with this connection, concepts and perceptual processes mutually influence one another. We also describe connections between concepts and language that allow concepts to subserve abstract communication, and for language needs to reciprocally affect concepts. Finally, we predict future directions for concept learning research, including formal computational modeling and educational applications.

show abstract

Diagnostic recognition: task constraints, object information, and their interactions

Cited by 189 publications

References 93 publications

Image-based object recognition in man, monkey and machine

Image-based object recognition in man, monkey and machine

Face perception: An integrative review of the role of spatial frequencies

Concepts and Categorization

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