Diagnostic profiles and predictors of treatment outcome among children and adolescents attending a national psychiatric hospital in Botswana

Olashore, Anthony A.; Frank-Hatitchki, Bechedza; Ogunwobi, Olorunfemi O.

doi:10.1186/s13034-017-0144-9

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…• Current challenges include difficulties with obtaining reliable estimates of the prevalence of BD in Botswana, including BP-II, in order to guide future strategies. Currently, national statistics records only show a broad diagnosis of BD, and even recent studies do not make a distinction between BP-I and BP-II [216,217]. • In addition, since initial diagnosis and treatment of most patients with mental disorders in Botswana, including those with BP-II, is carried out by psychiatric or general nurses, and there are currently no national STGs for the management of BP-II, there is a high probability of missing an accurate diagnosis.…”

Section: Botswanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder type II: addressing multiple symptoms and approaches with a particular emphasis on strategies in lower and middle-income countries

Godman

Grobler

Van-De-Lisle

et al. 2019

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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Introduction: Appropriately managing mental disorders is a growing priority across countries in view of the impact on morbidity and mortality. This includes patients with bipolar disorders (BD). Management of BD is a concern as this is a complex disease with often misdiagnosis, which is a major issue in lower and middleincome countries (LMICs) with typically a limited number of trained personnel and resources. This needs to be addressed. Areas covered: Medicines are the cornerstone of managing patients with Bipolar II across countries including LMICs. The choice of medicines, especially antipsychotics, is important in LMICs with high rates of diabetes and HIV. However, care is currently compromised in LMICs by issues such as the stigma, cultural beliefs, a limited number of trained professionals and high patient co-payments. Expert opinion: Encouragingly, some LMICs have introduced guidelines for patients with BD; however, this is very variable. Strategies for the future include addressing the lack of national guidelines for patients with BD, improving resources for mental disorders including personnel, improving medicine availability and patients' rights, and monitoring prescribing against agreed guidelines. A number of strategies have been identified to improve the treatment of patients with Bipolar II in LMICs, and will be followed up.

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Section: Botswanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder type II: addressing multiple symptoms and approaches with a particular emphasis on strategies in lower and middle-income countries

Godman

Grobler

Van-De-Lisle

et al. 2019

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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“…Likewise, the nature of the sample used (hospital record review) and the small sample size may have contributed to the higher rate (25%) of ADHD reported from an earlier study in Botswana. 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need to improve on perinatal care and discourage unplanned home delivery cannot be overstressed in this community, especially that an earlier study in Botswana had suggested a link between perinatal complications and childhood mental disorders. 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 Anecdotal reports from private and public health facilities had confirmed that ADHD exists in Botswana as elsewhere. Previously, a 25% prevalence of ADHD was reported amongst children from the only tertiary psychiatry hospital, 17 but the prevalence of ADHD in the community is yet to be ascertained. Furthermore, the youthful population profile in Botswana (Botswana Population Census Atlas 2011) makes this research relevant, as ADHD is predominantly a disorder of youth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-age children in Gaborone, Botswana: Comorbidity and risk factors

Olashore

Paruk

Ogunjumo

et al. 2020

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Its occurrence and pattern of presentation are unknown in Botswana.Aim: To determine the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), associated comorbid conditions and risk factors amongst school-age children in Botswana.Setting: Primary schools in Gaborone, Botswana.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. A two-stage random sampling technique was utilised to select learners from 25 out of the 29 public schools in the city. The Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADRS), teacher and parent versions, was administered.Results: Of the 1737 children, 50.9% (n = 884) were male, and their mean age was 9.53 years (s.d. = 1.97). The prevalence of ADHD was 12.3% (n = 213). The most prevalent presentation was the predominantly inattentive, 7.2% (n = 125). A family history of mental illness (odds ratio [OR] = 6.59, 95% CI: 1.36–32.0) and perinatal complications (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.08–4.29) emerged as the independent predictors of ADHD.Conclusions: The prevalence of ADHD in Botswana is slightly higher than that reported in the literature, but the pattern of presentations and comorbidities is similar. A positive family history of mental illness and perinatal complications independently predicted ADHD. Mental health screening amongst families of the affected individuals and improved perinatal care should be considered as health care priorities in Botswana.

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“…As a result of these policies, the diagnosis of ASD at early ages of development has been more frequent, however, there are still some regional imbalances between different areas of the country (BRASIL, 2007, BRASIL, 2014, PORTOLESE et al, 2017. These imbalances are associated with different factors, such as a lack of training of health professionals and a shortage of specialized services (COUTO et al, 2008;SANTOS & FERNANDEZ, 2014;BORDINI et al, 2015;SANTOS & CELERI, 2018); delays in parents detecting the first signs of autism that in turn delays the search for professional help and receiving the diagnosis (ZANON et al, 2014;OLASHORE et al, 2017); and the long waiting times for diagnostic evaluations in specialized child mental health services (ARAUJO & TANAKA, 2012), among others. The diagnosis of ID in early life has not received the same attention as ASD in terms of studies that assess the factors associated with the delay in its identification (RUSSELL et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelo de tomada de decisão para uso de professores do ensino fundamental na identificação de Autismo e Deficiência Intelectual

Teixeira

Carreiro

Seabra

et al. 2020

ETD - Educ. temat. digit.

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Ainda há um número significativo de alunos que ingressam no ensino fundamental com transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento, como o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e a Deficiência Intelectual (DI), sem diagnóstico garantindo seus direitos legais aos Serviços Educacionais Especiais (SES). De acordo com o sistema público de saúde brasileiro (SUS), a identificação precoce e o monitoramento do TEA devem ser realizados pelas equipes de saúde e educação. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de tomada de decisão, com um fluxograma detalhando tarefas e ações, utilizado por professores do ensino fundamental do sistema público de ensino com instrumentos para avaliação de indicadores de TEA e DI. O estudo foi realizado em duas fases. Fase 1: Dois instrumentos em um formato de checklist de verificação foram produzidos contendo descrições sobre as características dos transtornos para auxiliar o professor na avaliação dos alunos. Fase 2: Dois fluxogramas foram criados, um para cada transtorno, composto por um conjunto de atividades sequenciais logicamente organizadas. O procedimento para os fluxogramas consistiu em um processo baseado no Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), utilizando a plataforma de código aberto Business Process Management System (BPMS). O relatório final permite a visualização dos resultados da avaliação, como indicadores do checklist, avaliação neuropsicológica, avaliações emocionais e comportamentais. O estudo apresenta um modelo de processo para professores e gestores educacionais que utiliza um sistema computadorizado para auxiliá-los na coleta e análise de dados, bem como tomada de decisão em tempo real para identificar alunos com suspeita de transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento.

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Diagnostic profiles and predictors of treatment outcome among children and adolescents attending a national psychiatric hospital in Botswana

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder type II: addressing multiple symptoms and approaches with a particular emphasis on strategies in lower and middle-income countries

Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder type II: addressing multiple symptoms and approaches with a particular emphasis on strategies in lower and middle-income countries

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-age children in Gaborone, Botswana: Comorbidity and risk factors

Modelo de tomada de decisão para uso de professores do ensino fundamental na identificação de Autismo e Deficiência Intelectual

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