Diagnostic Precision of Open-Set Versus Closed-Set Word Recognition Testing

Yu, Tzu Ling J.; Schlauch, Robert S.

doi:10.1044/2019_jslhr-h-18-0317

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Beyond the linguistic level, perception is affected by overarching task context. Variation in attentional demands (e.g., single task or dual task: Casini et al, 2009; Saltzman et al, 2021), stimulus presentation (e.g., interstimulus interval: Coady et al, 2005) and the variability of the stimulus set (e.g., open-set or closed-set: Clopper et al, 2006; Yu & Schlauch, 2019) and can all impact interpretation of ambiguous speech. Furthermore, interactive models such as TRACE (McClelland & Elman, 1986) provide a computational framework in which context constrains perceptual interpretation of ambiguous speech via bidirectional connections between different processing levels (see McClelland et al, 2006, for a review).…”

Section: Overview Of the Present Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can speech perception deficits cause phonological impairments? Evidence from short-term memory for ambiguous speech.

Smith,

Gilbert,

Davis

2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Poor performance on phonological tasks is characteristic of neurodevelopmental language disorders (dyslexia and/or developmental language disorder). Perceptual deficit accounts attribute phonological dysfunction to lower-level deficits in speech-sound processing. However, a causal pathway from speech perception to phonological performance has not been established. We assessed this relationship in typical adults by experimentally disrupting speech-sound discrimination in a phonological short-term memory (pSTM) task. We used an automated audio-morphing method (Rogers & Davis, 2017) to create ambiguous intermediate syllables between 16 letter name-letter name ("B"-"P") and letter name-word ("B"-"we") pairs. High-and low-ambiguity syllables were used in a pSTM task in which participants (N = 36) recalled sixand eight-letter name sequences. Low-ambiguity sequences were better recalled than high-ambiguity sequences, for letter name-letter name but not letter name-word morphed syllables. A further experiment replicated this ambiguity cost (N = 26), but failed to show retroactive or prospective effects for mixed highand low-ambiguity sequences, in contrast to pSTM findings for speech-in-noise (SiN;Guang et al., 2020;Rabbitt, 1968). These experiments show that ambiguous speech sounds impair pSTM, via a different mechanism to SiN recall. We further show that the effect of ambiguous speech on recall is context-specific, limited, and does not transfer to recall of nonconfusable items. This indicates that speech perception deficits are not a plausible cause of pSTM difficulties in language disorders. Public Significance StatementIndividuals with dyslexia or developmental language disorder often have problems with short-term memory for speech which some theories attribute to difficulties in hearing speech sounds. By making speech sounds that are intermediate between different syllables we can mimic this challenge for typical adults remembering sequences of letter names. This study found that short-term memory difficulties are unlikely to be caused by a speech perception problem.

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Section: Overview Of the Present Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can speech perception deficits cause phonological impairments? Evidence from short-term memory for ambiguous speech.

Smith,

Gilbert,

Davis

2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…Both phoneme and word scoring can be used with the COPT. Open-set phoneme scoring can be more effective in identifying changes in hearing than open-set word scoring or closed-set word scoring [ 33 ]. The COPT materials can be presented in background noise or in quiet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of New Open-Set Speech Material for Use in Clinical Audiology with Speakers of British English

Keshavarzi,

Salorio-Corbetto,

Reichenbach

et al. 2024

Audiology Research

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Background: The Chear open-set performance test (COPT), which uses a carrier phrase followed by a monosyllabic test word, is intended for clinical assessment of speech recognition, evaluation of hearing-device performance, and the fine-tuning of hearing devices for speakers of British English. This paper assesses practice effects, test–retest reliability, and the variability across lists of the COPT. Method: In experiment 1, 16 normal-hearing participants were tested using an initial version of the COPT, at three speech-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Experiment 2 used revised COPT lists, with items swapped between lists to reduce differences in difficulty across lists. In experiment 3, test–retest repeatability was assessed for stimuli presented in quiet, using 15 participants with sensorineural hearing loss. Results: After administration of a single practice list, no practice effects were evident. The critical difference between scores for two lists was about 2 words (out of 15) or 5 phonemes (out of 50). The mean estimated SNR required for 74% words correct was −0.56 dB, with a standard deviation across lists of 0.16 dB. For the participants with hearing loss tested in quiet, the critical difference between scores for two lists was about 3 words (out of 15) or 6 phonemes (out of 50).

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“…In the context of open-set tests for spoken word recognition, it is essential to acknowledge the presence of lexical rivalry that occurs over the entirety of the mental lexicon [16]. At this point, it is crucial to acknowledge that closed-set WRS testing has distinct advantages for implementation compared to open-set WRS testing [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Greek Pediatric Word Recognition Test by Picture Identification

Trimmis,

Chatzi,

Grammatsoulia

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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(1) Background: The study aimed to construct a clinically valuable closet-set WRS test with a picture identification task for young Greek-speaking children. (2) Methods: The test material was meticulously designed based on specific criteria. To determine which parts of speech are used more frequently by preschool children, a spontaneous speech sample (250 words per child) was acquired from three hundred children aged 3 to 6 years (M = 4.56, SD = 0.90). The study involved the development and application of two phonemically balanced 50-word lists suitable for young children, as well as the creation of picture representations for each response set. All testing was accomplished in an audiometric booth that exceeded the audiometric rooms’ ambient noise level standards. The speech signal was routed from a laptop computer to a GSI 61 audiometer, and all test items were delivered from the audiometer to the subject. (3) Results: The results indicated that materials for a WRS test for young children are developed with high face validity and are applicable for children as young as three years old. The test satisfies the essential components needed for a WRS test. It consists of two phonemically balanced 50-word lists with low-redundancy bisyllabic words, with each list containing 227 phonemes. (5) Conclusions: This novel closed-set WRS test presents a valuable tool for assessing speech perception skills in young Greek-speaking children. The test results have various applications, including diagnosis, research, and (re)habilitation.

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Diagnostic Precision of Open-Set Versus Closed-Set Word Recognition Testing

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Can speech perception deficits cause phonological impairments? Evidence from short-term memory for ambiguous speech.

Can speech perception deficits cause phonological impairments? Evidence from short-term memory for ambiguous speech.

Development of New Open-Set Speech Material for Use in Clinical Audiology with Speakers of British English

A Greek Pediatric Word Recognition Test by Picture Identification

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