Diagnostic pathology in microbial diseases of sheep or goats

Abstract

Post-mortem examination is a key step in the diagnostic process of infectious diseases in sheep and goats. Diagnostic pathology deals with identification and study of lesions, at the same time providing also significant clues regarding pathogenesis of the diseases. This article reviews the salient pathological findings associated with the most significant infectious diseases of sheep and goats present in countries where small ruminants are a relevant agricultural industry. Lesions are reviewed according to the different organ systems where they occur. Emphasis has been given in the description of the salient lesional patterns than can be identified in each organ and which can be of help in the differential diagnosis of the lesions caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or prions. Finally, a review of the usefulness of ancillary tests that may be used on various tissue samples for performing an aetiological diagnosis, is included; the application of various techniques, from immunohistochemistry to molecular biology-based tests, is described.

Cystitis and Bilateral Pyonephrosis in a Mixed Breed Goat

“…In the present study different to Kumar et al (2013), but similar to study performed by Ertaş et al (2005), pure colonies, in the first isolation, were isolated in the kidney samples, and they were identified as T. pyogenes. As a result, generally, the isolated bacteria in the light of microbiological analyses were found compatible with previous studies (Braun et al, 2008;Kumar et al, 2013;Benavides et al, 2015). It is considered that this bacterial growth may be due to either long time urine retention or the contamination of genitourinary system during artificial insemination or mating.…”

“…Pyelonephritis in goats is caused by the bacterium, Trueperella pyogenes, other than Corynebacterium renale (Benavides et al, 2015). In microbiological examination of current case, mycological growth was not seen in any of the samples.…”

“…Diseases of the urinary system in sheep and goat have been less frequently reported in comparison to other ruminants (Kumar et al, 2013;Benavides et al, 2015). Clinically, kidney disease is rarely encountered as a major problem in small ruminant but coincidental renal disorders often can be detected at necropsy (Meredyth et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2013;Benavides et al, 2015). Pyelonephritis is mostly uncommon in sheeps (Maxie and Newman 2006).…”

“…Pyelonephritis cases can occur after catheterisation of the bladder for urine collection/ sampling and natural mating has been hypothesized to be another cause in cows (Radostits et al, 2006;Braun et al, 2008). Various bacterial agents have been identified in the urinary tract infections, although the reasons for infection are not known clearly (Braun et al, 2008;Kumar et al, 2013;Benavides et al, 2015). No previous case has been yet reported about pyonephrosis in goats in Turkey.…”

A Review: Herbal Medicine as an Effective Therapeutic Approach for Treating Digestive Disorders in Small Ruminants

“…The economic losses arise not only from lamb mortalities but also from the treatment cost and labor required to treat the sick animals. Moreover, acute diarrheal infections encountered in a herd are often difficult to control because of the large numbers of potential enteropathogens and the variability in individual animal immunity within the herd (Benavides et al, 2015). Diarrhea is not generally defined as a GIT disease but rather is a sign of other health problems in food-producing animals (Offiah et al, 2011).…”