Diagnostic of the conservation state in the crypt of the Abbey of Montecorona: biological, microclimatic and geophysical evaluations

Cataldo, Rosella; Leucci, Giovanni; Siviero, Stefano; Pagiotti, Rita; Angelini, Paola

doi:10.1088/1742-2132/6/3/001

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, also passive radio frequency identification (RFId) sensor transponders have been developed for humidity monitoring in building structures; however, although they may last indefinitely, they require special packaging to protect them from saline water and grinding stones [14]. Additional methods for obtaining a moisture content profile of building structures include ground penetrating radar (GPR) [15], [16], evanescent field dielectrometry [17], and nuclear magnetic resonance [18]: these techniques are particularly important for Cultural Heritage buildings, where the use of non-destructive methods is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration Monitoring and Moisture Control of Cement-Based Samples Through Embedded Wire-Like Sensing Elements

2015

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In this paper, a time-domain reflectrometry (TDR)-based solution for monitoring moisture content in cement-based samples is presented. The proposed system employs a simple flexible bi-wire, which acts as a 'distributed' sensing element (as opposed to traditional, local moisture content sensors). Once embedded, the sensing element (SE) remains permanently inside the cement-based sample and can be used both for monitoring the hydration process of the sample structures (ex-ante monitoring) and, successively, for monitoring possible water infiltration during the service life of the structure (ex-post monitoring). In practical applications, the SE could be employed inside building structures at the time of construction, and it could be used for the aforementioned moisture content monitoring purposes. As a preliminary validation of the practical feasibility of the proposed system, in this work, two cement-based samples (made of mortar and concrete, respectively) were equipped with a SE, and their water content was monitored through TDR measurements, over a 28-day period (thus mimicking the ex-ante monitoring conditions). Furthermore, to verify the potential of the proposed method also for the ex-post monitoring, the air-dried mortar sample was intentionally subjected to wetting conditions and the resulting rising damp was observed through the proposed TDRbased system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration Monitoring and Moisture Control of Cement-Based Samples Through Embedded Wire-Like Sensing Elements

2015

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“…In literature there are many studies showing that certain gases can have a noticeable adverse effect even at low concentrations on typical building interiors [ 19 ] as well as previsions on the effect of climate change on historic interiors [ 20 ]. Surely, adverse chemical reactions must be considered because chemical and physical effects cross each other as well as with biological ones [ 21 , 22 ]. The inspection of the site revealed no so evident presence of biological species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second campaign of microclimate monitoring in the carcer tullianum: temporal and spatial correlation and gradients evidenced by multivariate analysis

Visco

Plattner

Fortini³

et al. 2012

Chemistry Central Journal

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BackgroundThis paper discusses results obtained in the second monitoring campaign of the Carcer Tullianum, a particular hypogeum environment located in the historical centre of Rome (Italy). In the first paper we stressed the need to apply chemometric tools to this kind of studies in order to obtain full and significant information; really information on sampling design, sensors (type, number, position) and instrument validation seems to be not easy to find in literature for researches dealing with monitoring of indoor environments.Also in this case three main parameters (temperature, humidity, illuminance) were monitored in the complex construction by an inexpensive self-assembled system along some horizontal and vertical vectors together with some measurements of oxygen, carbon dioxide and barometric pressure.With respect to the first campaign, we used a higher number of sensors to cover a new excavated zone; for the same reason, as well as to take into account the presence of visitors, a different experimental design was adopted.ResultsDifferent data treatments were applied to data coming from all the used sensors. A good view of the microclimate was obtained that also resulted coherent with the different position of the three rooms constituting the monitored site (Carcer, Tullianum, Convent). Classical time plots resulted useful to evidence the correlation of the main monitored parameters (T, RH% and illuminance) with macroclimate, as well as their delay in following macroclimate. Box-Whisker and Gain-Loss graphs evidenced at the best the microclimate differences between the three rooms; an almost hypogean microclimate was evidenced for the lower room (Tullianum) where humidity values range between 90 and 100% while lower values, but anyway higher than the external, and spread more widely were measured passing to Convent and Carcer with minimum values around 50% for the last. A scarce or very scarce correlation with macroclimate was evidenced for all the three main measured parameters. Lighting results mainly dependent on artificial light and only in few cases, but unfortunately in the most precious zone, illuminance exceeds values suggested by Normative.ConclusionsBox-Whisker and Gain-Loss graphs allowed us to have the best view of the microclimate for all the monitored rooms. The influence of lighting by lamps on the other monitored parameters resulted overlapped and clearly topped the solar one. The worst situation was found in the Carcer, where the presence of the main chandelier worsens the state of the frescoed walls, already subjected to wide changes in temperature and humidity. Also the lighthouse located above the Convent provokes lighting exceeding values suggested by Normative while, as expected, LEDs resulted as suitable source of light from a conservation point of view.Susanne Heidi Plattner, Patrizia Fortini and Maria Pia Sammartino contributed equally to this work

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“…For a hypogean the external construction often functions as filter for the macroclimate and might guarantee good microclimatic and air quality conditions. Two significant parameters, for conservation, are not studied in this research; the humidity distribution inside the walls [ 3 ] and the presence of microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, yeast, moss and also anaerobic organisms [ 4 ], both related to microclimatic conditions and necessary in a conservation project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimate monitoring in the Carcer Tullianum: temporal and spatial correlation and gradients evidenced by multivariate analysis; first campaign

Visco

Plattner

Fortini³

et al. 2012

Chemistry Central Journal

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Too often microclimate studies in the field of cultural heritage are published without any or scarce information on sampling design, sensors (type, number, position) and instrument validation. Lacking of this fundamental information does not allow an open discussion in the scientific community. This work aims to be an invitation for a different approach.Three main parameters (temperature, humidity, luminance) were monitored in a selected part of a complex construction by an inexpensive self-assembled system along some horizontal and vertical vectors. All data was then processed and analyse by chemometric methods. Some measurements of oxygen, carbon monoxide and dioxide and pressure were also performed.Correlation of some indoor and outdoor data was shown for temperature and humidity. In case of outdoor changes the indoor environment reacted with a certain delay which is position-dependent and more evident for humidity data. The two observed rooms (Carcer and Tullianum) behave differently and the hypogean one is less influenced by the outdoor environment. Instrument validation before and after the campaign, allows to consider detected variations as significant.The fundamental importance of Sampling Design and of instrument validation before and after the monitoring campaign was enhanced. The choice of two main and two minor vectors allowed detection of different behaviour for the two rooms, also permitting to detect for both rooms a trend towards a spontaneous microclimate necessary for a conservation project. In the next campaign we will focus on the choice of the best sampling frequency to use more sophisticated statistical methods.

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Diagnostic of the conservation state in the crypt of the Abbey of Montecorona: biological, microclimatic and geophysical evaluations

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Hydration Monitoring and Moisture Control of Cement-Based Samples Through Embedded Wire-Like Sensing Elements

Hydration Monitoring and Moisture Control of Cement-Based Samples Through Embedded Wire-Like Sensing Elements

Second campaign of microclimate monitoring in the carcer tullianum: temporal and spatial correlation and gradients evidenced by multivariate analysis

Microclimate monitoring in the Carcer Tullianum: temporal and spatial correlation and gradients evidenced by multivariate analysis; first campaign

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