Diagnostic importance of bone marrow aspiration evaluation: A single-center study

Abstract

Background &Objective: Early diagnosis can be made based on the morphological examination of bone marrow aspiration (BMA) until the bone marrow biopsy (BMB) result is reported. This allows for treatment to be started immediately, especially in hematological malignancies for which urgent treatment is indicated. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and importance of bone marrow aspiration in the diagnosis of hematological malignancies.
 Methods: In this study, the data of patients who underwent bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy in Van Yuzuncu Yil University hospital between 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 500 patients who simultaneously underwent BMA and BMB were included in the study. Data were obtained from electronic medical records.
 Results: Indication for bone marrow evaluation was abnormalities in complete blood count in 270 (54%) of patients. The diagnosis was made based on the evaluation of BMA in 475 (95%). In 456 (96%) of the 475 patients diagnosed with BMA, the diagnosis was consistent with that of BMB. Agreement of BMB with BMA was 100% in acute and chronic leukemias, while BMA was not sufficient for the diagnosis of lymphoma and solid organ metastasis.
 Conclusion: Our study showed that the evaluation of BMA was highly sensitive in the diagnosis of hematological malignancies, such as acute leukemias, chronic leukemias, and multiple myeloma.
 doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4797
 How to cite this:Dogan A, Demircioglu S. Diagnostic importance of bone marrow aspiration evaluation: A single-center study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.4797
 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Utility of bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy in various haematological malignancies

“…Similar to our study, Dogan et al also found leukemia to be the most common haematological malignancy while metastatic deposits being the least common. 1 Acute leukemias with 137 (54.8%) cases were more common as compared to chronic leukemias with 57 (22.8%) cases. Similar findings were also observed by Khan et al in their study in which majority of cases were acute leukemias.…”

“…3 Dogan et al also found similar results in their study. 1 Among myeloproliferative disorders except CML, out of 6 cases of essential thrombocythemia, simultaneous BMA and BMB was done in 3 cases which showed 100% concordance. Of the two cases of polycythemia vera, one case showed myelofibrosis on trephine section and had dry tap marrow aspirate thereby emphasising the role of BMB to assess overall cellularity and degree of fibrosis.…”

“…As a large organ mass, bone marrow is not only the source of many haematological diseases but also a site of involvement of some infections, solid organ metastases and metabolic diseases. 1 In majority of cases, diagnosis is usually made by obtaining complete history, physical and some basic haematological investigations.…”

“…The bone marrow examination is a useful and cost effective diagnostic procedure in haematological practice 1 Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India 2 Department of Surgery, Government Medical College Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India for the diagnosis of haematological disorders. It may either confirm the clinically suspected disease or may provide the previously unsuspected diagnosis.…”