Diagnostic Implications of a Study in Time Perception

Eson, Morris E.; Kafka, John S.

doi:10.1080/00221309.1952.9710651

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This lengthening effect occurred across all treatment conditions, although the effect was stronger in the 5-sec timing conditions than in the 2-sec timing conditions. The lengthening effect represents a judgment bias that has been observed in many other studies involving serial productions (Eson & Kafka, 1952;Falk & Bindra, 1954;Hicks & Allen, 1979;Ross, 1969;Sheetman, 1970;M. Treisman, 1963).…”

Section: Summary Of Timing Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional resources in timing: Interference effects in concurrent temporal and nontemporal working memory tasks

Brown

1997

Perception & Psychophysics

524

504

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Three experiments examined interference effects in concurrent temporal and nontemporal tasks. The timing task in each experiment required subjects to generate a series of 2-or 5-sec temporal productions. The nontemporal tasks were pursuit rotor tracking (Experiment 1), visual search (Experiment 2), and mental arithmetic (Experiment 3). Each nontemporal task had two levels of difficulty. All tasks were performed under both single-and dual-task conditions. A simple attentional allocation model predicts bidirectional interference between concurrent tasks. The main results showed the classic interference effect in timing. That is, the concurrent nontemporal tasks caused temporal productions to become longer (longer productions represent a shortening of perceived time) and/or more variable than did timing-onlyconditions. In general, the difficult version of each nontemporal task disrupted timing more than the easier version. The timing data also exhibited a serial lengthening effect, in which temporal productions became longer across trials. Nontemporal task performance showed a mixed pattern. Tracking and visual search were essentially unaffected by the addition of a timing task, whereas mental arithmetic was disrupted by concurrent timing. These results call for a modification of the attentional allocation model to incorporate the idea of specialized processing resources. Two major theoretical frameworks-multiple resource theory and the working memory model-are critically evaluated with respect to the resource demands of timing and temporal/nontemporal dual-task performance.The interference effect is one of the most consistent findings in the time perception literature. The effect refers to a disruption in timing that occurs when subjects are required to perform some demanding nontemporal task during the interval. The usual result is that perceived time becomes shortened. Because of differences between time judgment methods (see below), this effect is manifested as either shorter verbal estimations and reproductions or longer temporal productions. Time judgments also may display more error and variability under nontemporal task conditions than under control (no-task) conditions. This paper explores the nature of this effect, with special reference to the role ofattentional processes in timing. First, a review of the empirical and theoretical work in the area is presented, and issues involving mutual interference between temporal and nontemporal processing are raised. Three experiments designed to address these issues are reported. The paper concludes with a discussion centering on the relationship between timing and current models of attentional resources.

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Section: Summary Of Timing Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional resources in timing: Interference effects in concurrent temporal and nontemporal working memory tasks

Brown

1997

Perception & Psychophysics

524

504

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“…Except for the lack of any significant trend differences betweenSI and IPSA, the above proposal was supported here. While other authors (Falk & Bindra, 1954;Eson & Kaffka, 1952) have reported linear lengthening, none have sought to determine the extent of the phemonenon. Treisman found lengthening highly irregular, sometimes greater in the beginning, sometimes greater later on in a series of trials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Eson & Kaffka (1952) and Falk & Bindra (1954) reported tendencies for length of time productions to increase over sequential trials. Several authors (Rosenzweig & Koht, 1933;Langer, Wapner, & Werner, 1961;Hawkes, Joy, & Evans, 1961;Thor, 1962) have obtained lengthened time estimates in experimental conditions which assumedly lead to increases in arousal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lengthening of time estimates in four different temporal patterns of visual light stimulation

Ross

1969

Psychon Sci

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“…The data for each of these five estimations were analyzed independently, that is, for each of the ten sessions the three medications were compared for each of the five independent estimations. It has been found in other investigations that subjects tend to overestimate the duration of a temporal interval (Eson & Kafka, 1952;Falk & Bindra, 1954;Treisman, 1963). If they are asked to depress a button switch for a given period of time, the duration of the period produced by pressing the button tends to exceed the duration requested.…”

Section: Time Estimation Testmentioning

confidence: 98%

Psychomotor changes during initial day of benzodiazepine medication.

Wittenborn¹,

Cf²,

McGough³

et al. 1979

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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I The detracting psychomotor effects of diazepam (5 mg three times daily) and clobazam (an investigational 1,5-benzodiazepine) were compared with placebo effects over the course of the initial day of medication. Tests were administered at hourly intervals and the data were analyzed from the standpoint of contrasts at each session and from the standpoint of trends that accrued during the course of the day. 2 It is concluded that among normal volunteers diazepam 5 mg three times daily may be near the threshold for detracting psychomotor consequences during the initial day and that clobazam seems to be without detracting consequences and may have some enhancing effects.

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Diagnostic Implications of a Study in Time Perception

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Attentional resources in timing: Interference effects in concurrent temporal and nontemporal working memory tasks

Attentional resources in timing: Interference effects in concurrent temporal and nontemporal working memory tasks

Lengthening of time estimates in four different temporal patterns of visual light stimulation

Psychomotor changes during initial day of benzodiazepine medication.

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