Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry of Neuroblastic Tumors

Wirnsberger, Gerhard; Becker, H; Ziervogel, Karin; Höfler, Heinz

doi:10.1097/00000478-199201000-00007

Cited by 57 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…5 Evaluating PHOX2B expression in synaptophysin-negative tumors would be of interest; however, the cohort of NBs studied here were all strongly synaptophysin positive. PHOX2B can detect undifferentiated NB that lacks classic immunohistochemical markers, such as synaptophysin, chromogranin, and tyrosine hydroxylase.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4,5 In general, these markers are sensitive but not entirely specific, and they can show background reactivity in nonneoplastic cells, especially in the bone marrow (BM). New and specific immunohistochemical markers will not only improve the diagnostic process in cases of NB that lack characteristic clinical findings (increased urinary catecholamines or metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake) and characteristic morphology (neuronal differentiation and/or Schwannian stroma), but they will also enhance our ability to detect small foci of BM metastases and posttreatment residual disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 CD57 immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated conflicting results, including restriction of CD57 staining to ganglioneuromas (GNs) 5 and expression of this antigen by neuroblastomas, as well as neuroectodermal tumors, Ewing sarcomas, and Wilms tumors. 12 The clinical diagnostic utility of CD57 has yet to be thoroughly evaluated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Utility of PHOX2B in Primary and Treated Neuroblastoma and in Neuroblastoma Metastatic to the Bone Marrow

Hata

Correa

Krishnan

et al. 2015

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.-Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial tumor of childhood. Although most cases have a distinctive histology, a subset of primitive cases require immunohistochemical studies to distinguish them from other small round blue cell tumors of childhood. Immunohistochemistry is also used to detect small amounts of tumor metastatic to the bone marrow and in posttreatment samples with obscuring fibrosis, calcification, or inflammation. The transcription factor PHOX2B is essential for the differentiation and survival of sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells, and therefore is highly specific for the peripheral autonomic nervous system.Objective.-To determine the diagnostic utility of PHOX2B immunohistochemistry as a marker of primary, treated, and metastatic NB.Design.-Neuroblastoma tissue microarrays were stained with PHOX2B, CD57, and synaptophysin. Arrays containing rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and Wilms tumor were stained with PHOX2B, and negative bone marrow samples were stained with PHOX2B and CD57.Results.-PHOX2B and CD57 were similar to synaptophysin in their ability to detect NB. PHOX2B and CD57 similarly showed robust staining in posttreatment NB and NB metastatic to the bone marrow. In contrast to the cytoplasmic staining pattern seen with synaptophysin and CD57, clear and strong nuclear PHOX2B permitted identification of individual tumor cells. PHOX2B staining was absent in all cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and Wilms tumor, and in the negative bone marrow.Conclusions.-PHOX2B and CD57 are useful markers of NB. PHOX2B is specific for NB in its differential diagnosis with other small round cell tumors, and its nuclear staining may be helpful for accurate bone marrow tumor quantification.

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Utility of PHOX2B in Primary and Treated Neuroblastoma and in Neuroblastoma Metastatic to the Bone Marrow

Hata

Correa

Krishnan

et al. 2015

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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“…For each tumor, a minimum of three serial sections were analyzed. The detection of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme specifically expressed by neuroblastoma cells (22), was similarly performed by immunohistochemistry. Four-m sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were pretreated with Antigen Retrieval Citra (Bio Genex, San Ramon, CA) for 20 min in steam water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stromal Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Regulates the Vascular Architecture in Neuroblastoma by Promoting Pericyte Recruitment

Chantrain¹,

Shimada

Jodele³

et al. 2004

Cancer Research

199

173

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004). MMP-2 is expressed by neuroblastoma tumor cells and stromal cells, whereas MMP-9 is exclusively expressed by stromal cells, particularly vascular cells.To examine the contribution of MMP-9 to tumor angiogenesis, we generated RAG1/MMP-9 double-deficient mice. We observed a significant inhibition of angiogenesis in the immunodeficient RAG1/MMP-9 double-deficient mice orthotopically implanted with tumor cells (P ‫؍‬ 0.043) or implanted s.c. with a mixture of tumor cells and Matrigel (P < 0.001). Using an FITC-labeled lectin, we demonstrated an inhibition in the architecture of the tumor vasculature in MMP-9-deficient mice, resulting in fewer and smaller blood vessels. These changes were associated with a 48% decrease in pericytes present along microvessels. Taken together, the data demonstrate that in neuroblastoma, stromally derived MMP-9 contributes to angiogenesis by promoting blood vessel morphogenesis and pericyte recruitment.

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“…We use several IHC markers along with histologic appearance to diagnose neuroblastoma and to differentiate it from other small round blue cell neoplasms of childhood. These IHC markers include NSE, Neurofilamant (NF), and synaptophysin (Osborn et al, 1986;Oppedal et al, 1987;Wirnsberger et al, 1992). In 2012, we also started molecular testing for amplification of MYCN oncogene which is an adverse prognostic factor in neuroblastoma associated with rapid clinical progression (Bordow et al, 1998;Maris et al, 1999).…”

Section: Endocrine Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Our Practice of Histopathology, Especially Tumour Pathology has Changed in the Last Two Decades: Reflections from a Major Referral Center in Pakistan

Ahmad

Idrees²,

Fatima³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Continued advances in the field of histo pathology (and cyto pathology) over the past two decades have resulted in dramatic changes in the manner in which these disciplines are now practiced. This is especially true in the setting of a large university hospital where the role of pathologists as clinicians (diagnosticians), undergraduate and postgraduate educators, and researchers has evolved considerably. The world around us has changed significantly during this period bringing about a considerable change in our lifestyles and the way we live. This is the world of the internet and the world-wide web, the world of Google and Wikipedia, of Youtube and Facebook where anyone can obtain any information one desires at the push of a button. The practice of histo (and cyto) pathology has also evolved in line with these changes. For those practicing this discipline in a poor, developing country these changes have been breathtaking. This is an attempt to document these changes as experienced by histo (and cyto) pathologists practicing in the biggest center for Histopathology in Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia with a large (180 million) and ever growing population. The Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Karachi, Pakistan's largest city has since its inception in the mid-1980s transformed the way histopathology is practiced in Pakistan by incorporating modern methods and rescuing histopathology in Pakistan from the primitive and outdated groove in which it was stuck for decades. It set histopathology in Pakistan firmly on the path of modernity and change which are essential for better patient management and care through accurate and complete diagnosis and more recently prognostic and predictive information as well.

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Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry of Neuroblastic Tumors

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Diagnostic Utility of PHOX2B in Primary and Treated Neuroblastoma and in Neuroblastoma Metastatic to the Bone Marrow

Diagnostic Utility of PHOX2B in Primary and Treated Neuroblastoma and in Neuroblastoma Metastatic to the Bone Marrow

Stromal Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Regulates the Vascular Architecture in Neuroblastoma by Promoting Pericyte Recruitment

How Our Practice of Histopathology, Especially Tumour Pathology has Changed in the Last Two Decades: Reflections from a Major Referral Center in Pakistan

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