Diagnostic Imaging of Vascular Anomalies

Combined Lymphedema and Capillary Malformation of the Lower Extremity

“…Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome has venous and/or lymphatic malformations that affect tissues below the muscle fascia. 4,5,19,20 A large embryonic vein in the subcutaneous tissue (marginal vein of Servelle) is present and pathognomonic for the condition 4,5 ; diversion venography usually demonstrates an intact deep venous system. Endovenous laser ablation of the marginal vein and coil occlusion of the sciatic vein are performed to prevent thromboembolism.…”

“…22 The tissue below the muscle fascia is affected, and the muscle and bone usually are overgrown. 19,20 MRI exhibits diffuse subfascial microfistulae represented as flow-voids. 19 The enlarged limb muscles and bones show abnormal signal and enhancement.…”

“…19,20 MRI exhibits diffuse subfascial microfistulae represented as flow-voids. 19 The enlarged limb muscles and bones show abnormal signal and enhancement. Angiography illustrates dilated, tortuous arteries and draining veins with discrete arteriovenous shunting.…”

“…Over time, capillary malformations become more similar to venous malformations histopathologically and radiologically. 5,18,19 Patients with diffuse capillary malformation with overgrowth of the lower extremity often are erroneously labeled with "Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome" or "Parkes Weber syndrome." 4,5 Diagnostic confirmation of lymphedema-capillary malformation requires imaging (Fig.…”

Multi-disciplinary approach towards lymphangiomas of the head and neck in adults

“…The signal intensity is intermediate on T1-weighted image; hyperintense on T2-weighted image with no enhancement after contrast injection. 5 LMs can be classified according to their size, content, consistency and location. The Lymphangiomas can be macrocystic, microcystic & mixed (macro-and microcystic) depending upon their size, such as macrocystic lesions in the neck with microcystic lesions in the tongue or cheek.…”