Diagnostic Imaging of Pregnant Women and Fetuses: Literature Review

Kim, Eunhye; Boyd, Brenda J.

doi:10.3390/bioengineering9060236

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…It is important to remember that during pregnancy, ultrasounds should be performed every trimester for fetal and maternal risk screening during prenatal control visits. Likewise, during the intrauterine stage, it is also advisable to use USG and MRI; while in the extrauterine stage, CT can be performed 82,88 .…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Zika syndrome

Crisanto-López¹,

Jesús²,

López-Quecho³

et al. 2023

BMHIM

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In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared Zika virus (ZIKV) infection a public health emergency of international concern because it caused congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The CZS is considered a specific pattern of birth defects caused by ZIKV infection, which is transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The CZS clinical manifestations are broad and nonspecific, including microcephaly, subcortical calcifications, ocular alterations, congenital contractures, early hypertonia, and pyramidal as well as extrapyramidal symptoms. The ZIKV has gained great importance because it has affected a large percentage of the population worldwide during the last few years, despite the measures implemented by international organizations. The pathophysiology and non-vectorial transmission routes of the virus are still under study. The diagnosis is made upon suspicion of ZIKV infection, the patient's clinical manifestations, and it is confirmed by molecular laboratory tests demonstrating the presence of viral particles. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for this condition; however, patients receive multidisciplinary care and constant monitoring. Therefore, the strategies that have been implemented are directed toward preventive measures and vector control.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Zika syndrome

Crisanto-López¹,

Jesús²,

López-Quecho³

et al. 2023

BMHIM

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show abstract

“…Diagnosis and proper medication for pregnant patients are crucial for their health and that of the unborn baby. To make better and more informed decisions, radiologists and other involved medical professionals must understand well the benefits and negative effects of different medical imaging modalities and radiation exposure to pregnant women [ 2 ]. For instance, chest X-rays expose unborn babies to scattered radiation while abdomen X-rays expose pregnant women to primary radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Imaging in Pregnancy: Safety, Appropriate Utilization, and Alternative Modalities for Imaging Pregnant Patients

Albakri,

Alzahrani,

Alghamdi

2024

Cureus

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This article reviews the existing literature on diagnostic and medical imaging of pregnant women, the risks and safety measures of different medical imaging modalities, and alternative modalities for imaging pregnant patients. Different medical imaging modalities such as MRI, CT scan, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, and X-ray imaging help to evaluate women with recognized or unrecognized pregnancies and identify any underlying complications among pregnant patients. Fetuses are more sensitive to radiation and the effects of medical imaging as compared to adults since they have a rapidly developing cell system. During cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, fetuses suffer greatly from imaging radiation since they are developing under a dynamic system. To ensure safety, pregnant women should discuss the benefits and risks of medical imaging with their physicians. In addition, radiologists should not perform any medical imaging procedure without the patient’s consent, unless the patient cannot make any sound decision. Fetal risks of medical imaging include slow growth and development of the fetus, abortion, malformations, impaired brain function, abnormal childhood growth, and neurological development. Diagnostic imaging procedures are necessary when a condition that needs medical evaluation arises during pregnancy such as appendicitis.

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“…These advances in radiation technology can significantly help in the treatment of pediatric patients; however, they can also lead to unnecessary exposure for such patients. The repeated low-energy radiation or high radiation exposure from CT and fluoroscopy during diagnostic testing is sufficient to produce deterministic effects [ 1 , 3 ]. Moreover, as radiation may have long-term effects, the potential and critical risks should be considered when exposing children to radiation [ 1 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The repeated low-energy radiation or high radiation exposure from CT and fluoroscopy during diagnostic testing is sufficient to produce deterministic effects [ 1 , 3 ]. Moreover, as radiation may have long-term effects, the potential and critical risks should be considered when exposing children to radiation [ 1 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose Reduction and Image Quality Optimization of Pediatric Chest Radiography Using a Tungsten Filter

et al. 2022

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The use of diagnostic radiology in pediatric patients has increased, and various positive effects have been reported, including methods to reduce radiation doses in children. Research has been conducted to preserve image quality while reducing exposure and doses in pediatric patients. This study aimed to measure four different filters to identify an optimized filter for pediatric patients. The experiment was conducted using four types of filters, including aluminum, copper, molybdenum, and tungsten. The optimal filter thickness was verified using a histogram to visually evaluate the spectrum by filter thickness, effective dose on a pediatric phantom, entrance skin dose, organ absorbed dose using the PC-based Monte Carlo (PCXMC) program version 2.0 simulation, figure of merit (FOM), and image quality. As a result of measuring the spectrum according to the tube voltage and the four types of filters, dose reduction and contrast improvement effects were obtained with a 0.05 mm tungsten filter. Additionally, effective entrance skin and organ absorbed dose decreased with the said filter. The aluminum, copper, and molybdenum filters demonstrated that the effective dose scarcely decreased even when the thickness was increased; meanwhile, the effective dose decreased when the tungsten filter was 0.05 mm. The FOM with a 0.05 mm tungsten increased by 91% in the lung field and 39% in the mediastinal field. The entrance skin and organ absorbed dose in pediatric patients can be reduced by removing low-energy photons that fail in image formation using a tungsten filter.

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Diagnostic Imaging of Pregnant Women and Fetuses: Literature Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Congenital Zika syndrome

Congenital Zika syndrome

Medical Imaging in Pregnancy: Safety, Appropriate Utilization, and Alternative Modalities for Imaging Pregnant Patients

Dose Reduction and Image Quality Optimization of Pediatric Chest Radiography Using a Tungsten Filter

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