Diagnostic Imaging of Diabetic Foot Disorders

Peterson, Nicholas; Widnall, James; Evans, Paul; Jackson, Gillian; Platt, Simon

doi:10.1177/1071100716672660

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The latter technique is often the first choice for the evaluation of the foot condition in man. This is mainly due to its wide range of structures that can be visualized, particularly the soft tissues and cartilages, coupled with the lack of risk of exposure to ionizing radiation (Arnold, Vohra, Marcantonio, & Doshi, ; Peterson, Widnall, Evans, Jackson, & Platt, ). MRI is also used as an advanced diagnostic tool in both small animals (Tamura, Tamura, Tsuka, & Uchida, ) and equine (Gutierrez‐Nibeyro, Werpy, & White, ) clinics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal magnetic resonance anatomy of the hind foot of Egyptian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A correlative low‐field T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI and sectional anatomy atlas

Abdellatif

Hamed

El-Shafaey

et al. 2018

Anat Histol Embryol

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Buffaloes represent a major source of milk production, especially in developing countries including Egypt. The buffalo foot is frequently involved in a large proportion of lameness cases. The relatively small size and complexity of its structures often render the radiographic evaluation of the foot challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that is regarded as both safe and accurate for assessment of the foot disorders in both man and animals. The purpose of the current investigation was to describe the MRI anatomy of buffalo foot using cadaveric hind feet. The feet were subjected to consecutive MRI scanning using a 0.3 Tesla scanner. Both T1-weighted (T1-W) and T2-weighted (T2-W) spin-echo pulse sequences were applied in dorsal, sagittal and transverse planes. The heterogeneity of signal intensities noted amongst foot components allowed for clear differentiation of bones, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue and synovial fluid. The T1-W images provided an excellent overview of the foot. They were valuable for visualizing the bones and the alignment of tendons and ligaments. The T2-W images were particularly useful for the evaluation of synovial structures such as tendon sheaths and joint cavities. A communication between the two plantar sacs of the metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) joints was evident in T2-W images. MRI findings were further confirmed using relevant gross anatomical sections. The present study establishes a detailed MRI anatomic reference of buffalo foot that could help veterinary researchers, clinicians and surgeons for increasing the accuracy of interpretation of foot MRI scans of both healthy and diseased animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal magnetic resonance anatomy of the hind foot of Egyptian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A correlative low‐field T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI and sectional anatomy atlas

Abdellatif

Hamed

El-Shafaey

et al. 2018

Anat Histol Embryol

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“… 14 In microvascular disease, microcirculation impairment that mainly affects the following organs typically occurs: 1) retinal vessels may cause amaurosis; 2) glomerular vessels with consequent impairment of renal function, which may result in complete failure of this organ; and 3) vessels that nourish the peripheral nerves (vasa nervorum) causing progressive degeneration and sensory-motor-autonomic neuropathy. 14 21 During clinical examination, it is important to identify apparent signs of peripheral arterial disease through the perception of cold skin during palpation of the foot, besides observing the decrease or absence of hair, skin redness and shiny skin. 5 13 …”

Section: Initial Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 13 49 Plain radiographs can be very useful and they need to be studied carefully in the search for the following signs: 1) cortical bone erosion; 2) periosteal reaction; 3) images suggestive of the presence of gas in the soft tissues (often produced by anaerobic germs); 4) radiopaque images suggestive of possible foreign bodies from previous injury not recognized by the patient. 5 21 51 52 Bone scintigraphy and nuclear magnetic resonance may be useful and help in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. 23 51 52 53 54 55 …”

Section: Foot Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pé diabético. Parte 1: Úlceras e Infecções*

Ferreira

2020

Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo)

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ResumoAs úlceras e infecções são complicações comuns nos pés dos pacientes diabéticos que já se encontram na fase tardia desta doença sistêmica que se tornou uma verdadeira epidemia do mundo moderno. Neste grupo específico de pacientes, são as infecções que constituem o principal fator envolvido na sequência de eventos que resultam na amputação do membro inferior. A neuropatia periférica (NC) constitui fator determinante na perda da sensibilidade protetora dos pés na fase tardia da doença e, por sua vez, favorece o desenvolvimento das úlceras plantares de pressão (UPP) e a destruição osteoarticular causado pela neuroartropatia de Charcot (NC). A obesidade, a doença arterial periférica (DAP) e a deficiência no sistema imunológico devida aos distúrbios metabólicos do diabetes desempenham papel adicional importante na morbidade desta doença, principalmente no que se refere à amputação dos membros inferiores. É importante para o médico ortopedista compreender que para tentar evitar estas complicações que costumam resultar na amputação da extremidade é necessário estabelecer estratégias de prevenção direcionadas, principalmente, para a educação do paciente diabético e também para medidas protetoras profiláticas.

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“…Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the neurovascular system, and neuropathic changes are probably mediated by neuroischemia. 7 Peripheral nerve neuropathy (PN) results in loss of sensitivity, of motor capacity (especially intrinsic foot muscles) and autonomic deficit. In addition, it is undoubtedly the main cause involved in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and, almost invariably, present in cases of CN.…”

Section: Etiopathogenesis Of Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pé diabético. Parte 2: Neuroartropatia de Charcot

Ferreira

2020

Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo)

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ResumoA neuropatia de Charcot (NC) é uma complicação lamentável e comum de pacientes com diabetes, provavelmente resutlante de uma falta de entendimento adequado dessa condição, que leva ao diagnóstico tardio.A confusão diagnóstica com quadro infeccioso contribui para que o tratamento inicialmente indicado seja equivocado ao prescrever medicação antibiótica ou, eventualmente, drenagem cirúrgica. Não é infrequente que a drenagem inadvertida do suposto abcesso revele que na verdade seu conteúdo é formado apenas de partículas provenientes da destruição osteoarticular. A educação adequada, tanto dos pacientes diabéticos quanto dos médicos responsáveis por prestar atendimento primário a estes pacientes, é fundamental para a correta compreensão das principais características relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da NC. O ortopedista geral é quem, na maioria das vezes, recebe no pronto atendimento os pacientes que se encontram na fase aguda inicial da doença. Por esta razão, esses profissionais devem estar extremamente alertas e serem capazes de identificar os primeiros sinais que permitem diagnosticar precocemente a NC. Em tese, isto possibilitaria reduzir a morbidade desta afecção na medida em que o tratamento adequado venha a ser precocemente instituído.

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Diagnostic Imaging of Diabetic Foot Disorders

Cited by 25 publications

References 51 publications

Normal magnetic resonance anatomy of the hind foot of Egyptian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A correlative low‐field T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI and sectional anatomy atlas

Normal magnetic resonance anatomy of the hind foot of Egyptian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A correlative low‐field T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI and sectional anatomy atlas

Pé diabético. Parte 1: Úlceras e Infecções*

Pé diabético. Parte 2: Neuroartropatia de Charcot

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