Diagnostic Imaging of Canine Hepatobiliary Affections: A Review

Abstract

Hepatic disease is often treatable and has a predictable prognosis when a definitive diagnosis is made. The aim of clinicopathological evaluation of hepatobiliary affections is to identify and characterize hepatic damage and dysfunction, identify possible primary causes of secondary liver disease, differentiate causes of icterus, evaluate potential anaesthetic risks, assess prognosis and response to xenobiotics, and monitor response to therapy. This paper describes the different diagnostic methods and imaging techniques employed in diagnosis of hepatobiliary affections in dogs. Besides reviewing the significant clinical manifestations and imaging structural abnormalities in diagnostic approach to different hepatic affections, it also depicts radiographic, ultrasonographic, and wherever applicable, the laparoscopic characterization of different hepatic affections and target lesions encountered in clinical cases presented in the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, COVAS, Palampur in the year 2007-2008.

Effects of Gadoxetate Disodium (Eovist®) Contrast on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of the Liver in Clinically Healthy Dogs

“…Abdominal ultrasound is a noninvasive way to evaluate the liver parenchyma and differentiate between focal and diffuse disease. However, this modality cannot be used to definitively determine the etiology of parenchymal changes, as many are similar in appearance …”

“…However, this modality cannot be used to definitively determine the etiology of parenchymal changes, as many are similar in appearance. [1][2][3] Gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA; gadoliniumethoxybenzyl-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid) is a newly developed paramagnetic contrast agent that has been found to have a high specificity for the hepatobiliary system in humans. [4][5][6] An advantage of this contrast agent is that it allows acquisition of a dynamic bolus phase and a liver-specific hepatocyte phase using a single dose of contrast medium in the same study.…”

STUDI KASUS PENCITRAAN SONOGRAM KELAINAN ORGAN HEPATOBILIARI ANJING (Canis lupus)

“…Ultrasonografi (USG) merupakan teknik diagnosis noninvasive yang mampu memberikan gambaran detail mengenai struktur hati dan kantung empedu termasuk vaskularisasi sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui adanya berbagai jenis kelainan yang terjadi pada organ hepatobiliari anjing. Ultrasonografi dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi jaringan parenkim hati sehingga sangat berguna dalam membedakan kelainan fokal dengan kelainan difus (Gaschen, 2009;Kumar et al, 2012). Kombinasi USG dan pemeriksaan sitologi dengan teknik pengambilan biopsi menggunakan aspirasi jarum yang dipandu oleh USG akan semakin meningkatkan ketajaman diagnosis penyakit hati sekaligus memperkirakan prognosisnya (Guillot et al, 2009).…”

Hepatosonography and Computed Tomography in Feline

“…Ultrasonography evolved as the paramount technique of diagnostic imaging for detecting the alteration in liver and gall bladder (Kealy, 2010 andKumar, et al, 2012). Indications for hepatic ultrasound usually include elevated liver enzymes (ALT and AST), presence of free abdominal effusion and indicated for determining the extent of common bile duct obstruction in cases of hepatic neoplasia extrahepatic or intrahepatic obstruction (Ellison, 2011).…”

“…1:33-42, MARCH 2015 portal flow (Nyland and Mattoon 2007). Abdominal radiographs (lateral) and ventrodorsal view) are useful to evaluate the morphologic abnormalities in size, shape, position, and density (mineralization /radiolucencies) of the liver and presence of abdominal effusion (Olosson, 2008, Gaschen, 2009and Kumar et al, 2012. It is difficult to evaluate the entire liver as much of the liver is silhouetted by the diaphragm, stomach and right kidney (kealy, 2012).…”