Diagnostic imaging evaluation of hodgkin';s disease and non-hodgkin';s lymphoma

Castellino, Ronald A.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19910215)67:4+<1177::aid-cncr2820671512>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is consistent with the literature studies that NHL (6,8,9) shows wide spread involvement as compared to HD, which presents as localised disease; 8 out of 28 patients of HD (28.5%) as compared to 30 patients out of 52 (57.7%) of NHL. These finding are consistent with Castellino R A et al, (9) who showed 24% of HD and 48% of NHL showed retroperitoneal lymph node involvement. The mesenteric involvement was seen in only 1 out of 28 (3.5%) cases of HD as compared to 9 out of 52 (17.3%) cases of NHL.…”

Section: Lymph Nodessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The mesenteric involvement was seen in only 1 out of 28 (3.5%) cases of HD as compared to 9 out of 52 (17.3%) cases of NHL. These findings were similar to Blackledge and Castellino et al (5,9) who showed that mesenteric lymph node involvement was more common in NHL than HD. Also, the involvement of the different nodal sites like portal, peripancreatic and celiac which was seen predominantly in NHL.…”

Section: Lymph Nodessupporting

confidence: 91%

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Role of Multidetector Ct in Imaging of Lymphoma

Ingole¹,

Chavan²,

Kalekar³

et al. 2017

jemds

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BACKGROUND Lymphomas are one of the common neoplasms of the patients in the young age group. Accurate staging of the patients is very important in planning appropriate therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a retrospective survey from 2004 to 2005. CT scan abdomen was performed in 80 patients of histological proved lymphoma. CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology were also performed where indicated by the referring physician. RESULTS In this retrospective male preponderance study of 80 patients with proven lymphoma, positive findings were seen in 57 (71.2%) patients with 46% of HD and 84% of NHL patients showed intra-abdominal involvement. CT accurately detected nodal and extra nodal sites of involvement. Lymph node involvement was the most common manifestation of lymphoma and it was seen in 66% of all the patients. CT showed the exact sites, the pattern of involvement, the morphological features and associated complications. In both HD and NHL. Extranodal involvement was detected in patients. The involvement of liver was seen in 28%, spleen in 26.3%, GIT in 14% and renal involvement was seen in 7% of the patients with positive findings. Other sites of involvement include pancreas, psoas muscle and vertebrae. CONCLUSION The accuracy of CT in the staging of patients with lymphoma is widely recognised, and it is now the first investigation of choice in the initial staging and followup of these patients. Most centres now rely on biopsy of one group of nodes for diagnosis and stage the patient based on imaging with CT and haematological assessment including bone marrow biopsy.

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Section: Lymph Nodessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Lymph Nodessupporting

confidence: 91%

Role of Multidetector Ct in Imaging of Lymphoma

Ingole¹,

Chavan²,

Kalekar³

et al. 2017

jemds

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“…Later, Evans suggested carbonyl activation by homobimetallic ion pairs 60 in stoichiometric Et 2 AlCl-mediated Diels-Alder reactions to account for unique reactivity observed with Al-based Lewis acids (Figure 4B). [19][20][21] On the basis of this literature precedent and our results obtained in the kinetic investigations, we considered two distinct activation modes for aliphatic ketones in catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions relying on singly bridged FeCl 3 dimer (61) or ion pair (62) (Figure 5). In the neutral pathway, the first equivalent of FeCl 3 binds aliphatic ketone 11 to form the catalyst resting state 52.…”

Section: Mechanistic Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis of Aliphatic Ketones: Iron(III) Homo-Dimers as Lewis Acidic Superelectrophiles

et al. 2018

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Catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions have recently been developed as a powerful tool for carbon-carbon bond formation. However, currently available synthetic protocols rely exclusively on aryl ketone substrates while the corresponding aliphatic analogs remain elusive. We herein report the development of Lewis acid-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin ring-closing metathesis reactions for aliphatic ketones. Mechanistic investigations are consistent with a distinct mode of activation relying on the in situ formation of a homobimetallic singly bridged iron(III)-dimer as the postulated active catalytic species. These "superelectrophiles" function as more powerful Lewis acid catalysts that form upon association of individual iron(III)-monomers. While this mode of Lewis acid activation has previously been postulated to exist, it has not yet been applied in a catalytic setting. The insights presented are expected to enable further advancement in Lewis acid catalysis by building upon the activation principle of "superelectrophiles" and to broaden the current scope of catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions.

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“…'-'' However, this level of accuracy has not been attained when evaluating solid tumors, in large part due to the frequency of lymph node metastases that are too small to be confidently recognized on the lymphogram. Thus, reported studies suggest a sensitivity of 50% to 75%, a higher specificity, and overall accuracy of 70% to 80% for lymphography at the time of initial staging of solid pelvic tumors.5,~ [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] There is less histopathologic-radiologic correlative data evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of cross-sectional imaging techniques in detecting lymph node metastases. Data correlating CT scan interpretation with results of staging laparotomy in patients with Hodgkin's disease indicate a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 92%, which are less than lyrnph~graphy.~ Not surprisingly, studies correlating CT interpretation with lymph node biopsies of retroperitoneal and pelvic nodes in solid tumors also show a low sensitivity due to the inability of this technique to identify metastases until lymph nodes are enlarged.…”

Section: Diagnostic Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph node imaging

Castellino

1991

Cancer

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HE MAJORITY of malignant tumors have a high pro-T pensity for eventual metastastes to regional, and then to other, lymph node groups. Therefore, an evaluation of the lymph node groups at risk for tumor involvement is an integral part of the initial staging of a variety of malignant tumors, with consequent important impact upon treatment planning and prognosis. This assessment provides information for the N (lymph node) aspect of the commonly employed TNM tumor classification scheme and for other staging classifications.This review will focus on imaging techniques that are currently used to evaluate lymph nodes in the retroperitoneum and pelvis. These lymph nodes lie in close proximity to the major vessels of the retroperitoneum and pelvis because they share common embryologic origins. These include the nodes that lie adjacent to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava (known as the paraaortic and/or paracaval nodes) and the common iliac, external iliac, and internal iliac (or hypogastric) vessels, including the major branches of the latter trunk. Excluded from this discussion are those nodes that lie within the abdominal cavity and adjacent to the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., the mesenteric, peripancreatic, porta hepatic, and splenic hilar lymph node groups.An assessment of the retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes is of importance for those solid tumors for which these lymph node groups are the primary site of lymphatic drainage and, therefore, are at highest risk for potential lymph node metastases, such as carcinomas of the genitourinary tract (prostate, testis, ovary, uterus, uterine cervix, kidney, ureter, and bladder). These nodes are also at high risk for involvement in patients with Hodgkin's disease and the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; their assessment in these malignant disorders is reviewed elsewhere' and noted here for sake of completeness only. AnatomyThe lymphatic system is comprised of a series of lymph nodes connected by lymphatic channels, which, among other functions, serve to return interstitial fluid to the cardiovascular circulatory system. Although there is wide variation in the numbers and groupings of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes, there are clearly defined patterns of lymphatic drainage from various organs that allow prediction of which lymph node groups are at highest risk for the earliest manifestation of nodal metastases from primary organ sites.The lymphatics of the pelvis and retroperitoneum follow the direction of drainage of the accompanying venous system. At the upper retroperitoneum, the lymphatic fluid is conveyed via the thoracic duct into the jugular vein in the neck (explaining the occurrence of adenopathy at this site from metastases, the so-called Virchow node) and then into the pulmonary vascular bed (accounting for pulmonary metastases). Retroperitoneal lymphatics also anastomose with the lymphatic plexus in the thoracic paravertebral region, which drains the intercostal spaces in proximity to the major trunks of the azygos venous system (thus accounti...

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Diagnostic imaging evaluation of hodgkin';s disease and non-hodgkin';s lymphoma

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Role of Multidetector Ct in Imaging of Lymphoma

Role of Multidetector Ct in Imaging of Lymphoma

Catalytic Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis of Aliphatic Ketones: Iron(III) Homo-Dimers as Lewis Acidic Superelectrophiles

Retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph node imaging

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