Diagnostic Exercise

Abstract

A 5-month-old mongrel puppy with a history of respiratory disease presented with progressive neurologic dysfunction. Hematologic results included leukocytosis (neutrophilia with a left shift) and lymphopenia. A mass in the right forebrain, identified by magnetic resonance imaging, was biopsied during decompressive craniectomy. The histologic diagnosis was granulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional amoebae. The dog died within 24 hours of surgery. At necropsy, a welldemarcated granuloma was confined to the cerebrum, but granulomatous pneumonia was disseminated through all lobes of the lung. Concurrent infections included canine distemper, canine adenoviral bronchiolitis, and oral candidiasis. Canine distemper virus probably caused immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to secondary infections.

Glioma Mimics: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Granulomas in Dogs

“…Similarly, in dogs fungal granuloma can be mistaken for glioma on MRI (13, 14) and both should be included in the differential diagnosis for intra-axial masses with peripheral contrast-enhancement (15, 16). Other granulomas with a neoplasm-like MRI appearance include cholesterol granuloma (17), granulomatous Acanthamoeba encephalitis (18), inflammatory pseudotumor (19), and the focal form of granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) (20). In GME, meningeal changes are expected histologically but are rarely apparent on MRI (21).…”

Doenças do sistema nervoso central em cães

“…(Fawi et al 1971) e por protozoários, como Toxoplasma gondii (Silva et al 2007, Frade et al 2015b e Acanthamoeba sp. (Reed et al 2010, Frade et al 2015a), porém constituem relatos pontuais. É importante ressaltar que na maioria dos casos os sinais neurológicos apresentados pela cinomose quando isolada ou em associação com outros agentes e demais doenças infecciosas foram indistinguíveis, com a primeira suspeita desses casos sendo a cinomose.…”

“…Na espécie canina já foram relatadas infecções por Acanthamoeba sp. e Balamuthia mandrillaris que apresentaram o comprometimento sistêmico associado a imunossupressão (Bauer et al 1993, Foreman et al 2004, Dubey et al 2005, Reed et al 2010, Kent et al 2011. No último caso de infecção por ameba de vida livre, alguns dados como a ausência de imunossupressão e de lesões sistêmicas, sugerem se tratar possivelmente de outro gênero, Naegleria fowleri, semelhante ao reportado por Pimentel et al (2012), que é caracterizada por uma meningoencefalite amebiana primária (MAP) em humanos e animais imunocompetentes (Martinez & Visvesvara 1997).…”