Diagnostic efficacy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodule

Abstract

Signal intensity in the hepatobiliary phase correlated with histological grade in the lesions that maintained portal blood flow, but did not correlate in lesions that showed decreased or defective portal blood flow.

Assessing liver function using dynamic Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI with a standard 5‐phase imaging protocol

“…DCE-MRI is a powerful imaging modality to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and for the subsequent planning of therapeutic strategies (14); maintaining spatial resolution is important for clinical use. This work has shown that our method is suitable for use in routine clinical data.…”

“…However, it requires high temporal resolution and therefore sacrifices in terms of spatial resolution and/ or coverage. It is also incompatible with the routine clinical Gd-EOB-DTPA protocol, which acquires baseline breath-hold data with high spatial resolution in the arterial and portal phases and in the hepatobiliary phases (14).…”

Surveillance and Diagnostic Algorithm for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proposed by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan: 2014 Update

“…It has actually become common to encounter cases where hypervascular HCC or nodule-in-nodule HCC that is undetectable by MDCT is detected in a routine screening by EOB-MRI because of early enhancement in the arterial phase or clear hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase [11,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103]. Furthermore, studies comparing the diagnostic performance of EOB-MRI and MDCT for hypervascular HCC have shown that EOB-MRI is superior or, at the very l...…”

Gadoxetic Acid–enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…HCC that is hyperintense on HBP has a higher grade of tumour differentiation and vice versa. [76][77][78][79][80] HCC with iso-/ hyper-enhancement on HBP has a lower risk for vascular invasion and recurrence, [81][82][83] and lower levels of expression of poor-prognostic immunohistochemical / progenitor cell markers including alpha-fetoprotein, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, cytokeratin 10, and glypican-3. 18,82,84 Signal intensity, morphology, and signal heterogeneity in HBP are poor prognosticators.…”