Diagnostic criteria for complicated grief disorder

Horowitz, Mardi J.; Siegel, Bryna; Holen, Are; Bonanno, George A.; Milbrath, Constance; Stinson, Charles

doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.904

Cited by 505 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…That is, as direct queries of a relatively specific construct, single-item measures correspond closely to the construct they are designed to assess (McGrath, 2005). Much of what has been reported about the prevalence (e.g., Horowitz et al, 1997), trajectory, (e.g., Maciejewski et al, 2007), and neurobiology of yearning in CG (O'Connor et al, 2008) has relied on these single-item assessments.…”

Section: Measuring Yearning In Bereaved Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yearning and Its Measurement in Complicated Grief

Robinaugh

Mauro

Bui

et al. 2015

Journal of Loss and Trauma

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Section: Measuring Yearning In Bereaved Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yearning and Its Measurement in Complicated Grief

Robinaugh

Mauro

Bui

et al. 2015

Journal of Loss and Trauma

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“…In 1993, Horowitz and colleagues developed the first diagnostic criteria for a bereavement-related disorder, termed ‘pathological’ then ‘complicated’ grief (CG) (Horowitz, Bonanno, & Holen, 1993; Horowitz et al, 1997). It was noted that alongside PTSD, which occurs in response to a traumatic event (or events), patients could experience intrusive preoccupation, avoidance and intense negative emotions after bereavement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to assessment, several questionnaires and measures have been developed for disordered grief (Jordan & Litz, 2014; Maercker & Lalor, 2012). Of note, in 1995, Prigerson and colleagues developed one of the initial assessment questionnaires, the ‘Inventory of Complicated Grief’ (Prigerson et al, 2008, 1995) that became the basis for two sets of diagnostic criteria: PGD-2009 criteria and CG criteria (Horowitz et al, 1997; Prigerson et al, 2009, 1999; Shear et al, 2011). Each will be described below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009, a broad group of authors developed a consensus on the criteria for a clinical diagnosis of PGD, here termed PGD-2009 criteria (Horowitz et al, 1997; Prigerson et al, 2009, 1999). An analysis of a sample of 317 individuals from the Yale Bereavement Study (Prigerson et al, 2009) generated sensitive and specific items for the PGD-2009 criteria (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous prevalence rates for a disorder of grief vary and are estimated to range from 4.2% in Switzerland, based on the Horowitz et al (1997) diagnostic criteria for CG (Forstmeier & Maercker, 2007), to 6.7% in a bereaved population sample from Germany, based on the Inventory of Complicated Grief – Revised (ICG-R) (Kersting, Brähler, Glaesmer, & Wagner, 2011), to approximately 9.8% in a 2017 meta-analysis; however, these rates are from individuals who experienced a non-violent/non-traumatic loss (Lundorff, Holmgren, Zachariae, Farver-Vestergaard, & O’Connor, 2017). Conversely, those bereaved by a violent death are likely to have higher rates of a disorder of grief, at approximately 10–15% (Prigerson, 2004) or as high as 14–76% as reported in those who experienced a disaster (Kristensen, Weisæth, & Heir, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prolonged grief disorder for ICD-11: the primacy of clinical utility and international applicability

Killikelly

Maercker

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

143

114

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A new mental health disorder, prolonged grief disorder (PGD), will be included in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). We provide a brief overview of the historical conceptualizations of disordered grief and the previous research efforts to assess and define this condition. We describe the new ICD-11 PGD symptom criteria and how they are conceptualized in terms of the World Health Organization’s call for improved clinical utility. Finally, we review the research evidence for the clinical utility of the new ICD-11 PGD symptom structure and usability in the international arena.

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Grief in Children and Adolescents Bereaved by Sudden Parental Death

Melhem

Porta

Shamseddeen

et al. 2011

Arch Gen Psychiatry

187

177

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Context There have been major advances in our understanding of the phenomenology and course of grief in adults. However, little is known about the course of grief in children. Objective We report on course and impact of children’s grief reactions following parental sudden death on subsequent psychiatric and functional status. Design Longitudinal study of bereaved children and families with yearly comprehensive assessments up to three years after parental death. Setting Bereaved children and their surviving parents recruited through the coroners’ records and advertisement. Participants 182 parentally bereaved children between 7 and 18 years of age whose parent died from suicide, accident, or sudden natural deaths. Main Exposure Sudden parental death. Main Outcome Measures Grief, functional impairment, incident depression. Results There were 3 distinct trajectories of grief reactions with a group, consisting of 10.4% of the sample, with increased grief reactions that showed no change 33 months post-death. Youths with prolonged grief reactions had higher rates of previous personal history of depression. Prolonged grief made unique contribution to increased levels of functional impairment even after controlling for clinical characteristics antecedent and following the death. Conversely, prolonged grief, both in youths and the surviving caregiver, predisposed to an increased hazard of incident depression. Another group (30%) showed increased grief reactions 9 months following the death, which gradually decreased over time. Despite this, grief reactions in this group were also associated with functional impairment and increased risk of incident depression. Conclusions Grief reactions abate over time for most children bereaved by sudden parental death; however, a subset show increased or prolonged grief reactions, which in turn increases the risk for functional impairment and depression. Research on interventions designed to relieve the burden of grief in bereaved children are needed. Such efforts should also assess and address grief reactions in the surviving parent.

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Diagnostic criteria for complicated grief disorder

Cited by 505 publications

References 41 publications

Yearning and Its Measurement in Complicated Grief

Yearning and Its Measurement in Complicated Grief

Prolonged grief disorder for ICD-11: the primacy of clinical utility and international applicability

Grief in Children and Adolescents Bereaved by Sudden Parental Death

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