Diagnostic considerations and interpretation of microbiological findings for evaluation of chronic prostatitis

Krieger, John N.; McGonagle, Lee Anne

doi:10.1128/jcm.27.10.2240-2244.1989

Cited by 55 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The designation of CNS as pathogens in the etiology of chronic bacterial prostatitis is controversial (215,248,286). Nickel and Costerton (227), as well as several other earlier investigators (26,183,310), have presented evidence to suggest that S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus can be associated with the clinical syndrome of chronic prostatitis and most likely are implicated in the pathogenesis of the prostatic inflammation. These CNS fulfilled the criteria of bacterial localization as set forth by Meares and Stamey (216), who compared CFU in expressed prostatic secretions and bladder urine.…”

Section: Specimen Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Kloos¹,

Bannerman²

1994

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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Section: Specimen Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Kloos¹,

Bannerman²

1994

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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“…By one estimate, half of all men suffer from symptoms of prostatitis at some point in their lives (54). Lower urinary tract localization studies represent the "gold standard" for diagnostic evaluation of chronic bacterial prostatitis (33,54). A lower urinary tract localization procedure involves a series of samples that includes first-void urine, midstream urine, expressed prostatic secretions, and postmassage urine specimens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prokaryotic DNA sequences in patients with chronic idiopathic prostatitis

et al. 1996

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Half of all men experience symptoms of prostatitis at some time in their lives, but the etiology is unknown for more than 90% of patients. Optimal clinical and culture methods were used to select 135 men with chronic prostatitis refractory to multiple previous courses of antimicrobial therapy. The subjects had no evidence of structural or functional lower genitourinary tract abnormalities of bacteriuria or bacterial prostatitis by traditional clinical tests, or of urethritis or urethral pathogens by culture. Specific PCR assays detected Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Trichomonas vaginalis in 10 patients (8%). Broad-spectrum PCR tests detected tetracycline resistance-encoding genes, tetM-tetO-tetS, in 25% of patients and 16S rRNA in 77% of subjects. The tetM-tetO-tetS-positive cases constituted a subset of the 16S rRNA-positive cases. Patients with 16S rRNA were more likely to have >1,000 leukocytes per mm 3 in their expressed prostatic secretions than men whose prostate biopsy specimens were negative for 16S rRNA (P < 0.001). Based on direct sequencing and repetitive cloning, multiple sources of 16S rRNA were observed in individual patients. Sequences of 29 cloned PCR products revealed 16S rRNAs distinct from those of common skin and gut flora. These findings suggest that the prostate can harbor microorganisms that are not detectable by traditional approaches. These organisms may be associated with inflammation in the expressed prostatic secretions. Molecular methods hold great promise for identifying culture-resistant microorganisms in patients with chronic prostatitis.

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“…The four-glass test has been used as a standard method of assessing prostatic inflammation and bacterial infection in the lower urinary tract in men with chronic prostatitis. [13][14][15] However, the four-glass tests can frequently show false negative results owing to prostatic duct obstruction, focal distribution of infection or inappropriate prostatic massage and false-positive results owing to microbial contamination. Furthermore, we found that the traditional four-glass test cannot accurately detect bacterial infection in the seminal vesicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic bacterial seminal vesiculitis as a potential disease entity in men with chronic prostatitis

et al. 2015

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Objectives: To investigate bacterial infection in the seminal vesicles by bacteriological examination and radionuclide imaging in men with chronic prostatitis. Methods: The study included 50 patients with chronic prostatitis who showed hot uptake in seminal vesicles on Tc-99 m ciprofloxacin imaging and eight patients who did not show hot uptake. The evaluation included the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index and four-glass test. In all participants, transperineal aspiration of seminal vesicle fluid under the guidance of transrectal ultrasonography and bacteriological examination was carried out. Results: Of the 50 patients who showed hot uptake in the seminal vesicles on the isotope study, microorganisms were isolated from the seminal vesicle fluid in 17 patients (positive predictive value, 34%). The most common causative organisms were Escherichia coli in 13 patients (26%), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in two patients (4%), Enterococcus faecalis in one patient (2%) and Chlamydia trachomatis in one patient (2%). No microorganisms were isolated in the eight patients who did not show hot uptake in the seminal vesicles (negative predictive value, 100%). However, there were no significant differences in National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index total scores and subscores between the study groups. Conclusions: Chronic bacterial seminal vesiculitis might simultaneously affect a considerable portion of patients with chronic prostatitis, although the clinical implication of the disease remains to be further investigated.

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Diagnostic considerations and interpretation of microbiological findings for evaluation of chronic prostatitis

Cited by 55 publications

References 15 publications

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Prokaryotic DNA sequences in patients with chronic idiopathic prostatitis

Chronic bacterial seminal vesiculitis as a potential disease entity in men with chronic prostatitis

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