Diagnostic change and the increased prevalence of autism

King, Marissa; Bearman, Peter Shawn

doi:10.1093/ije/dyp261

Cited by 380 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As mentioned earlier, our results support the idea that DSM-IV-TR criteria may broaden the identification of ASD among lowerfunctioning individuals and suggest that individuals with high functioning autism were not identified in clinical settings or brought to clinical attention for autism-related concerns during the 1980s. Work is under way to estimate the potential contributions of diagnostic substitution, changes in diagnostic criteria, and other factors to determine the extent to which each of these contributes to the increase in prevalence (King and Bearman 2009;Liu et al 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorder Reclassified: A Second Look at the 1980s Utah/UCLA Autism Epidemiologic Study

Miller

Bilder

Farley

et al. 2012

J Autism Dev Disord

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The purpose of the present study was to re-examine diagnostic data from a state-wide autism prevalence study (n = 489) conducted in the 1980s to investigate the impact of broader diagnostic criteria on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) case status. Sixty-four (59 %) of the 108 originally "Diagnosed Not Autistic" met the current ASD case definition. The average IQ estimate in the newly identified group (IQ = 35.58; SD = 23.01) was significantly lower than in the original group (IQ = 56.19 SD = 21.21; t = 5.75; p < .0001). Today's diagnostic criteria applied to participants ascertained in the 1980s identified more cases of autism with intellectual disability. The current analysis puts this historic work into context and highlights differences in ascertainment between epidemiological studies performed decades ago and those of today.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorder Reclassified: A Second Look at the 1980s Utah/UCLA Autism Epidemiologic Study

Miller

Bilder

Farley

et al. 2012

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Around 25% of the rise in autism over the past two decades can be attributed to what he calls "diagnostic accretion". He could see from the medical records that some children who would have been diagnosed as mentally retarded a decade ago are now given a diagnosis of both mental retardation and autism 11 . Another 15% can be accounted for by the growing awareness of autism -more parents and paediatricians know about it 12 .…”

Section: Filling the Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence puzzle: Autism counts

Weintraub¹

2011

Nature

197

106

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“…21 The study showed total PedsQL and cognitive functioning was better in children whose parents had history of consanguineous marriage. This might be due to the fact that the consanguineous family usually possessed better family functioning than their non consanguineous counterpart that might influence the child's life quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cognitive Functions and Health Related Quality of Life of Institutional Autism Spectrum Disorder Children in Dhaka city

Jahan¹,

Karim

Rahman

et al. 2016

Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull

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In Bangladesh, nearly 10.5 hundred thousand individuals may have autism. Recent figures released by the CDC (2012) show that autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) now affect 1 in 88 children. Cognitive impairment, limited adaptive skills, and severe social impairment as seen in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) thought to be associated with poorer health related quality of life (HRQoL). The objective of the study was to measure HRQoL and cognitive functioning in a group of autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children and to relate HRQoL with their socio demographic characteristics and cognitive functioning from parents' perception.This cross sectional study was conducted among149 purposively selected parents who have institutionalized autistic children (2 to 18 years old) from January to June 2013. HRQoL was assessed by Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (Verni1998) and cognitive functioning was assessed with The PedsQL TM Cognitive Functioning Scale.Three fourth of the children were male (n=115, 77.2%) and the mean (SD) age of the children was 7.8(3.06) years. Symptoms of autism appeared at about their 2nd birthday 2.1 (.70) while the average (SD) age of diagnosis was around three years 2.9 (.98). The children were reported to go to school at an early age of 3(1.75) years. Out of 149 respondents, ten percent parents (n=14) had the history of consanguineous marriage.The sample data provides significant difference between the scores by the ability of verbal communication (p<.05), presence of autistic siblings (p<.05) and mother's occupation (p<.05). There found negative correlation between HRQoL and age of symptom appearance and cognitive functioning with age of diagnosis (r = -0.18; p=.03). Cognitive functioning was strongly correlated with total PedsQL score and its domains (r = 0.73; p=.00). i.e. Higher cognitive function leads to good health related quality of life. Linear regression was performed to study the relationship between HRQoL and independent variables found significant in univariate analysis. The results of the regression indicated the predictors in the model explained 57 % of the variance (R2=.57, F=23.05, p<.001). It was found that fathers who were doctors and engineers by profession (t=2.34, p= .02), child's ability to communicate with words (t= 2.73, p= .007), age of symptom appearance (t= -2.71, p=.008), and cognitive functioning (t =12.28, p <0.001) significantly predicted HRQol of ASD children.Father's occupational status, child's ability to communicate by word, age of symptom appearance, and Cognitive functioning of ASD children were found related to their quality of life.

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Diagnostic change and the increased prevalence of autism

Abstract: Changes in practices for diagnosing autism have had a substantial effect on autism caseloads, accounting for one-quarter of the observed increase in prevalence in California between 1992 and 2005.

Cited by 380 publications

References 17 publications

Autism Spectrum Disorder Reclassified: A Second Look at the 1980s Utah/UCLA Autism Epidemiologic Study

Autism Spectrum Disorder Reclassified: A Second Look at the 1980s Utah/UCLA Autism Epidemiologic Study

The prevalence puzzle: Autism counts

Cognitive Functions and Health Related Quality of Life of Institutional Autism Spectrum Disorder Children in Dhaka city

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