Diagnostic capacity for cutaneous fungal diseases in the African continent

Badiane, Aida S.; Ramarozatovo, Lala S.; Doumbo, Safiatou N.; Dorkenoo, Ameyo M.; Mandengue, Christine; Dunaisk, Cara M.; Ball, Mamadou; Dia, Mariem K.; Ngaya, Gilles S. L.; Mahamat, Hassane H.; Kalombo, Hortense; Bah, Alasana; Cá, Zimania; Langa, Jose C.; Mohamed, Ayni M.; Mokomane, Margaret; Ahmed, Sarah A.; Rapalanoro Rabenja, Fahafahantsoa; Hay, Roderick J.; Penney, Richard O. S.; Orefuwa, Emma; Denning, David W.

doi:10.1111/ijd.16751

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Recent diagnostic surveys across Africa have shown a marked improvement in the availability and access to essential diagnostics for superficial fungal infections. 109 However, epidemiologic data on tinea capitis in Uganda are generally lacking and many cases of tinea capitis are diagnosed clinically across the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-estimation of the burden of serious fungal diseases in Uganda

Bongomin,

Kwizera,

Namusobya

et al. 2024

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Background: It is of utmost importance to monitor any change in the epidemiology of fungal diseases that may arise from a change in the number of the at-risk population or the availability of local data. Objective: We sought to update the 2015 publication on the incidence and prevalence of serious fungal diseases in Uganda. Methods: Using the Leading International Fungal Education methodology, we reviewed published data on fungal diseases and drivers of fungal diseases in Uganda. Regional or global data were used where there were no Ugandan data. Results: With a population of ~45 million, we estimate the annual burden of serious fungal diseases at 4,099,357 cases (about 9%). We estimated the burden of candidiasis as follows: recurrent Candida vaginitis (656,340 cases), oral candidiasis (29,057 cases), and esophageal candidiasis (74,686 cases) in HIV-infected people. Cryptococcal meningitis annual incidence is estimated at 5553 cases, Pneumocystis pneumonia at 4604 cases in adults and 2100 cases in children. For aspergillosis syndromes, invasive aspergillosis annual incidence (3607 cases), chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (26,765 annual cases and 63,574 5-year-period prevalent cases), and prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis at 75,931 cases, and severe asthma with fungal sensitization at 100,228 cases. Tinea capitis is common with 3,047,989 prevalent cases. For other mycoses, we estimate the annual incidence of histoplasmosis to be 646 cases and mucormycosis at 9 cases. Conclusion: Serious fungal diseases affect nearly 9% of Ugandans every year. Tuberculosis and HIV remain the most important predisposition to acute fungal infection necessitating accelerated preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic interventions for the management of these diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-estimation of the burden of serious fungal diseases in Uganda

Bongomin,

Kwizera,

Namusobya

et al. 2024

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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“…Therefore, optimal diagnosis should not only be made by direct microscopy, but also by culture to allow species identification. In Sudan, direct microscopy is performed occasionally in specialized laboratories and culture is rarely performed [ 83 ] ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal infections in Sudan: An underestimated health problem

Ahmed,

Ismail,

Albirair

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Fungal diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality, yet their epidemiology and burden are not well addressed. While deaths probably exceed 1.5 million per year, many cases remain undiagnosed and underreported. Estimating the burden of these diseases is needed for prioritization and implementation of effective control programs. Here we used a model based on population at risk to estimate the burden of serious fungal infections in Sudan. The prevalence of the susceptible population including HIV, TB, cancer, asthma, and COPD was obtained from the literature. Incidence and prevalence of fungal infections were calculated using local data when applicable and if not available then regional or international figures were used. In total, the estimated number of Sudanese suffering from fungal disease is 5 M (10% of the total population). Tinea capitis, recurrent vulvovaginitis and keratitis are estimated to affect 4,127,760, 631,261, and 6,552 patients, respectively. HIV-related mycosis is estimated to affect 5,945 oral candidiasis, 1,921 esophageal candidiasis, 571 Pneumocystis pneumonia, and 462 cryptococcal meningitis cases. Aspergillus infections are estimated as follow: 3,438 invasive aspergillosis, 14,950 chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, 67,860 allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis cases, while the prevalence of severe asthma with fungal sensitization and fungal rhinosinusitis was 86,860 and 93,600 cases, respectively. The neglected tropical disease eumycetoma was estimated to affect 16,837 cases with a rate of 36/100,000. Serious fungal infections are quite common in Sudan and require urgent attention to improve diagnosis, promote treatment, and develop surveillance programs.

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“…However, despite the high incidence of fungal skin diseases, they are often overshadowed by more prominent communicable diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and invasive fungal infections. 6 In the realm of global health research, this trend is especially evident, as the focus largely remains on developed nations, frequently overlooking the more critical fungal infection challenges prevalent in low-and middle-income countries. [7][8][9] In these countries, the number of skin fungal diseases may be severely underestimated.…”

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Global burden of fungal skin diseases: An update from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

Liu,

Zhang,

Hong

et al. 2024

Mycoses

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BackgroundFungal skin diseases are the most common and widespread fungal infections, exerting a significant impact on patients' socio‐psychological health and the quality of life.ObjectivesTo assess and compare the global burden of fungal skin diseases in 2019 and over the past 30 years.MethodsData were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) were used to assess the burden of fungal skin diseases. A total of 204 countries and territories were hierarchically organised into 21 regions and seven super‐regions. Data were presented as absolute numbers and rates per 100,000 population, stratified by sex, age, year and location.ResultsIn 2019, the global incidence rate and YLD rate of fungal skin diseases were 21,277 (95% UI 19 298–23,399) and 42 (95% UI 17–88) per 100,000 population, respectively. Sub‐Saharan Africa bore the heaviest disease burden, especially children aged 5–9 years had a significantly higher incidence rate, YLD rate and YLDs to incidence ratio compared to other regions. Moreover, more than half of the incident cases among the elderly came from high‐income regions and Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania. Over the past 30 years, the number of incident cases and YLDs of fungal skin diseases has been continuously increasing worldwide, but the incidence rates and YLD rates have not shown significant changes.ConclusionsThe global burden of fungal skin diseases has been continuously rising. Children in Sub‐Saharan Africa are experiencing higher disease incidence and severity compared to other regions.

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Diagnostic capacity for cutaneous fungal diseases in the African continent

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Re-estimation of the burden of serious fungal diseases in Uganda

Re-estimation of the burden of serious fungal diseases in Uganda

Fungal infections in Sudan: An underestimated health problem

Global burden of fungal skin diseases: An update from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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