Diagnostic assessment without cut-offs: Application of serology for the modelling of bovine digital dermatitis infection

Vink, W. D.; Jones, Geoffrey; Johnson, Wesley O.; Brown, Jennifer M.; Demirkan, İbrahim; Carter, Stuart; French, Nigel P.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.08.018

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In previous studies, systemic antibodies against T. phagedenis-like spirochetes were detected (4,5,6,29,30,31). However, recurrent infection has also been reported even in a large proportion of some treated cows, i.e., 7 of 27 Holstein dairy cows (33%) in southern California (22) and 26 of 63 dairy cows (41%) in Japan (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Vink et al (30) suggested that application of serology is attractive because the outcome is objectively quantified on a continuous scale and taking serum samples is less time-consuming than performing foot inspection. They also pointed out that serology is potentially a better indicator of biological infection, enabling a more realistic and detailed description of the epidemiology of PDD (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the levels of antibodies against treponemes in PDD-positive cattle were significantly higher than those in PDD-negative cattle (4,30,31). However, little is known about the dominant antigens recognized by the immune system of affected individual cattle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Their presence in both superficial lesions and deeper layers of the epidermis implies that they may be one of the most predominant populations in the lesions and play a role in the pathogenesis of PDD (12,17,19). PDD (4,5,6,29,30,31). It has been reported that the levels of antibodies against treponemes in PDD-positive cattle were significantly higher than those in PDD-negative cattle (4, 30, 31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to T. phagedenis-like spirochetes have been demonstrated in cattle with PDD (4,5,6,29,30,31). It has been reported that the levels of antibodies against treponemes in PDD-positive cattle were significantly higher than those in PDD-negative cattle (4,30,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the IgG Immune Response toTreponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes in Individual Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis

Moe

Yano

Misumi

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is a major infectious disease of the foot skin in dairy cattle.Treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes have been consistently detected in PDD lesions, and antibodies against these organisms have been demonstrated in affected cattle. However, little is known about the dominant antigens recognized by the immune system of affected cattle. Here, we investigated the IgG immune response to T. phagedenis-like isolates by Western blotting with different sera using whole-cell lysates and extracted glycolipid from 18 and 8 isolates, respectively, including those from different cattle on the same or different farms, isolates from different lesions affecting a single cow, and different isolates from the same lesion affecting a single cow. The reactivity of sera in Western blot assays revealed different banding patterns or showed no bands, suggesting that considerable antigenic variations, including glycolipid, may exist among the isolates, even in those from single individuals. With use of a total of 151 serum samples collected from three groups of cattle, i.e., PDD-positive cows on PDD-positive farms (group A), PDD-negative cows on PDD-positive farms (group B), and cows on PDD-free farms (group C), the levels of IgG antibodies against four T. phagedenis-like isolates were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The optical density in groups A and B was significantly higher than that in group C, even though the value varied among the antigens used. Therefore, combinations of multiple Treponema species should be used for serological analysis and the development of a suitable vaccine because of antigenic variations.Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is an important leading cause of severe epidemic lameness in dairy cows (18), with resulting economic losses due to decreases in milk production and reproductive performance and the costs of treatment (10, 15, 27).Interestingly, among bacteria in the lesions, a large number of spirochetes have been consistently detected, and these have been identified as Treponema species which are closely related to Treponema phagedenis, which is an inhabitant of the human genital tract, and human oral treponemes, including T. denticola, T. vincentii, and T. medium (2, 7, 12). Their presence in both superficial lesions and deeper layers of the epidermis implies that they may be one of the most predominant populations in the lesions and play a role in the pathogenesis of PDD (12,17,19). PDD (4,5,6,29,30,31). It has been reported that the levels of antibodies against treponemes in PDD-positive cattle were significantly higher than those in PDD-negative cattle (4, 30, 31). However, little is known about the dominant antigens recognized by the immune system of affected individual cattle. Because no culture methods for isolating treponemes from PDD lesions have been established, there has been a paucity of antigenic and serological analyses using sufficient numbers of isolates. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to T. phagedenis-like spir...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Analysis of the IgG Immune Response toTreponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes in Individual Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis

Moe

Yano

Misumi

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Digital Dermatitis in dairy cattle: The contribution of different disease classes to transmission

et al. 2018

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Digital Dermatitis (DD) is a claw disease mainly affecting the hind feet of dairy cattle. Digital Dermatitis is an infectious disease, transmitted via the environment, where the infectious "agent" is a combination of bacteria. The standardized classification for DD lesions developed by Döpfer et al. (1997) and extended by Berry et al. (2012) has six distinct classes: healthy (M0), an active granulomatous area of 0-2 cm (M1), an ulcerative lesion of >2 cm (M2), an ulcerative lesion covered by a scab (M3), alteration of the skin (M4), and a combination of M4 and M1 (M4.1). We hypothesize that classes M1, M2, M3, M4, and M4.1 are the potentially infectious classes that can contribute to the basic reproduction ratio (R), the average number of new infections caused by a typical infected individual. Here, we determine differences in infectivity between the classes, the sojourn time in each of the classes, and the contribution of each class to R The analysis is based on data from twelve farms in the Netherlands that were visited every two weeks, eleven times. We found that 93.89% of the transitions from M0 was observed as a transition to class M4, and feet with another class-at-infection rapidly transitioned to class M4. As a consequence, about 70% of the infectious time was spent in class M4. Transmission rate parameters of class-at-infection M1, M2, M3, and M4 were not significantly different from each other, but differed from class-at-infection M4.1. However, due to the relative large amount of time spend in class M4, regardless of the class-at-infection, R was almost completely determined by this class. The R was 2.36, to which class-at-infection M4 alone contributed 88.5%. Thus, M4 lesions should be prevented to lower R to a value below one, while painful M2 lesions should be prevented for animal welfare reasons.

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Infectious diseases causing lameness in cattle with a main emphasis on digital dermatitis (Mortellaro disease)

et al. 2013

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Diagnostic assessment without cut-offs: Application of serology for the modelling of bovine digital dermatitis infection

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Analysis of the IgG Immune Response toTreponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes in Individual Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis

Analysis of the IgG Immune Response toTreponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes in Individual Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis

Digital Dermatitis in dairy cattle: The contribution of different disease classes to transmission

Infectious diseases causing lameness in cattle with a main emphasis on digital dermatitis (Mortellaro disease)

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