Diagnostic and Therapeutic Guidelines to Abnormal Behavior in Captive Nonhuman Primates

Kummrow, Maya

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2020.09.012

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Chimpanzees that have suffered past traumatic experiences and have spent years in impoverished environments can still engage in stereotypical or abnormal behaviors that are particularly difficult to eradicate, even years after rescue [98]. Thus, eliminating or reducing these deep-rooted behaviors may require a different approach, such as behavioral management [99,100], the application of psychological models of diagnosis and treatment [101,102] and/or pharmacological intervention [103,104]. Similar to abnormal behaviors, self-directed behaviors were less frequent when the enrichment was present than in the baseline condition, but they increased in the enrichment condition and post-enrichment phase as compared to the pre-enrichment phase, thus revealing that the presence of the enrichment had no clear effects on these behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Termite-Fishing Tasks as Enrichment for Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees: Behavioral Effects and Impact on Welfare

Padrell

Amici

Córdoba

et al. 2021

Animals

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Artificial termite-fishing tasks are a common enrichment for captive great apes, promoting species-typical behaviors. Nonetheless, whether these activities are linked to changes in other behaviors and whether these changes persist over time has seldom been investigated. We assessed whether the use of an artificial termite-fishing task was linked to changes in the solitary behavior and social dynamics in two groups of sanctuary-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Specifically, we compared chimpanzee behavior during eight enrichment sessions distributed over a two-month period, with similar periods before and after the introduction of the enrichment. Data were collected from combined interval and continuous sampling methods and were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We found that participation increased across sessions and that both enrichment and participation predicted an increase in tool use and feeding and a decrease in inactivity, which were all maintained throughout the sessions. Furthermore, participation was positively associated with social proximity, revealing a gathering effect of the task. However, neither enrichment nor participation were linked to changes in abnormal, self-directed, affiliation-related or aggression-related behaviors. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that artificial termite-fishing is a suitable enrichment for captive chimpanzees, maintaining the subjects’ interest and promoting species-typical behaviors, with no negative effects on social activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Termite-Fishing Tasks as Enrichment for Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees: Behavioral Effects and Impact on Welfare

Padrell

Amici

Córdoba

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Traditionally, animal welfare scientists have explored ways of reducing the frequency and magnitude of aversive experiences and then measuring the impact of said reduction on the animals by employing indicators of poor welfare (e.g., abnormal, and anxious behaviors [ 50 , 51 ]). In recent years, however, researchers have been advocating for providing captive animals with opportunities to experience positive states in addition to reduction in negative ones in order to have adequate welfare [ 34 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 1200 min of data were recorded in person on a tablet computer, using one-zero sampling with 60 s intervals [41] (pp. [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Behavioral Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperament Predicts the Quality of Social Interactions in Captive Female Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Pomerantz

Capitanio

2021

Animals

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Previous reports suggest that female macaques with greater similarity in emotionality and nervous temperament, as evaluated in a well-established BioBehavioral Assessment (BBA) at the California National Primate Research Center, were more likely to form successful pairs. We tested whether the same measures can also predict the quality of social interactions among 20 female rhesus macaque pairs. We correlated the pairs’ emotionality and nervous temperament scores obtained in infancy and the levels of behaviors recorded systematically during the pairing process years later. Supporting previous findings, partners with similar emotionality scores were more affiliative, and pairs with similar nervous temperament expressed less dominance/submissive behavior. Exploratorily, we found that pairs that were better at processing social information (part of BBA) were also more anxious. Such animals should be prioritized to be introduced in rooms that house calmer, less aggressive animals and provide opportunities for hiding to alleviate their anxiety. Indeed, positive social experiences not only promote animal welfare, but also reduce stress related confounds and unexplained data variability. Therefore, by incorporating the animals’ temperament into the pair configuration process we increase the likelihood of forming high-quality pairs, both in terms of welfare and the research of which they are a part.

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“…In primates, this approach has proven successful for treating SIB in an olive baboon (P. h. anubis; et al, 2009); human-directed feces throwing by a chimpanzee (Martin et al, 2011); and disruptive behavior in a rhesus monkey (Franklin et al, 2021). See Martin (2017) and Kummrow (2021) for more information on the application of Functional Analysis in primates to treat behavioral problems.…”

Section: Assessment Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonhuman primate abnormal behavior: Etiology, assessment, and treatment

Lutz

Coleman

Hopper

et al. 2022

American J Primatol

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Across captive settings, nonhuman primates may develop an array of abnormal behaviors including stereotypic and self-injurious behavior. Abnormal behavior can indicate a state of poor welfare, since it is often associated with a suboptimal environment. However, this may not always be the case as some behaviors can develop independently of any psychological distress, be triggered in environments known to promote welfare, and be part of an animal's coping mechanism. Furthermore, not all animals develop abnormal behavior, which has led researchers to assess risk factors that differentiate individuals in the display of these behaviors. Intrinsic risk factors that have been identified include the animal's species and genetics, age, sex, temperament, and clinical condition, while environmental risk factors include variables such as the animal's rearing, housing condition, husbandry procedures, and research experiences. To identify specific triggers and at-risk animals, the expression of abnormal behavior in captive nonhuman primates should be routinely addressed in a consistent manner by appropriately trained staff. Which behaviors to assess, what assessment methods to use, which primates to monitor, and the aims of data collection should all be identified before proceeding to an intervention and/or treatment. This article provides guidance for this process, by presenting an overview of known triggers and risk factors that should be considered, steps to design a comprehensive evaluation plan, and strategies that might be used for prevention or treatment. It also outlines the tools and processes for assessing and evaluating behavior in an appendix. This process will lead to a better understanding of abnormal behavior in captive primate colonies and ultimately to improved welfare.

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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Guidelines to Abnormal Behavior in Captive Nonhuman Primates

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Artificial Termite-Fishing Tasks as Enrichment for Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees: Behavioral Effects and Impact on Welfare

Artificial Termite-Fishing Tasks as Enrichment for Sanctuary-Housed Chimpanzees: Behavioral Effects and Impact on Welfare

Temperament Predicts the Quality of Social Interactions in Captive Female Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Nonhuman primate abnormal behavior: Etiology, assessment, and treatment

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