Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges

Le-Nguyen, Xuan T; Lee, Thomas K.M.; Diana, V; Sepah, Yasir J.; Nguyen, Quan Dong; Rao, Narsing A.; Vasconcelos-Santos, Daniel Vítor; Goldstein, Debra A.

doi:10.1097/iae.0b013e31820f4825

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Amiodarone, a cationic amphophilic moiety, has a long half-life (21–78 days) and high interaction with polar lipids. These characteristics lead to subsequent accumulation of amiodarone and its metabolites as lysosomal inclusion bodies in multiple tissues, including the optic nerve [73,74]. Moreover, the simultaneous occurrence of optic neuropathy in both eyes upon administration of amiodarone and reversal upon withdrawal of therapy clearly indicate a relation between them.…”

Section: Optic Neuropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amiodarone optic neuropathy is often characterized by gradual onset, slow progression, bilateral vision loss with prolonged disc swelling. On the other hand, non-arteric ischemic optic neuropathy which is associated with amiodarone usage is often characterized by acute, unilateral vision loss, disk edema that resolves over several weeks [73,75,76]. The appearance of optic nerve head in both the conditions is similar and sometimes indistinguishable (Figure 2) [76].…”

Section: Optic Neuropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular toxicity from systemically administered xenobiotics

Gokulgandhi

Vadlapudi

Mitra

2012

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology

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Introduction The eye is considered as the most privileged organ because of the blood–ocular barrier that acts as a barrier to systemically administered xenobiotics. However, there has been a significant increase in the number of reports on systemic drug-induced ocular complications. If such complications are left untreated, then it may cause permanent damage to vision. Hence, knowledge of most recent updates on ever-increasing reports of such toxicities has become imperative to develop better therapy while minimizing toxicities. Areas covered The article is mainly divided into anterior and posterior segment manifestations caused by systemically administered drugs. The anterior segment is further elaborated on corneal complications where as the posterior segment is focused on optic nerve, retinal and vitreous complications. Furthermore, this article includes recent updates on acute and chronic ocular predicaments, in addition to discussing various associated symptoms caused by drugs. Expert opinion Direct correlation of ocular toxicities due to systemic drug therapy is evident from current literature. Therefore, it is necessary to have detailed documentation of these complications to improve understanding and predict toxicities. We made an attempt to ensure that the reader is aware of the characteristic ocular complications, the potential for irreversible drug toxicity and indications for cessation.

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Section: Optic Neuropathymentioning

confidence: 99%