Diagnostic Accuracy of Recombinant Immunoglobulin-like Protein A-Based IgM ELISA for the Early Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in the Philippines

Kitashoji, Emi; Koizumi, Nobuo; Lacuesta, Talitha Lea; Usuda, Daisuke; Ribo, Maricel R.; Tria, Edith Sangalang; Go, Winston S.; Kojiro, Maiko; Parry, Christopher M.; Dimaano, Efren M.; Villarama, Jose Benito; Ohnishi, Makoto; Suzuki, Motoi; Ariyoshi, Koya

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003879

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Efforts to educate the public, changes in agricultural practices, and improvements in living standard and sanitation in the rural areas are crucial in bringing down morbidity and mortality rates of leptospirosis in China over the last 35 years (Zhang, Li, et al, ; Zhang, Wang, et al, ). In recent decades, leptospirosis has become a significant re‐emerging infectious disease in many countries (He et al, ; Holla et al, ; Kitashoji et al, ; Lee, Miki, Kitagawa, & Lee, ; Loan et al, ; Sasmal et al, ). Rural populations, urban slum dwellers, workers, travellers to endemic or posted to tropical areas, and farmers are considered to be high‐risk populations (Zhang, Wang, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis trends in China, 2007–2018: A retrospective observational study

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leptospirosis is one of the most common and neglected tropical waterborne diseases in China, causing serious economic losses, and constituting a significant public health threat. Leptospirosis has recently received increased attention and is considered a reemerging infectious disease in many countries. The incidence of leptospirosis among people suggests that occupation, age, season, sex and water recreational activities are significant risk factors. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profiles of leptospirosis in China during the 2007-2018 period. The morbidity data of leptospirosis by age, season (month), gender, occupation and geographic location (different provinces) were obtained from the public health science data centre of China for subsequent epidemiological analysis. The results indicate that the incidence of leptospirosis has shown a slow downward trend from 2007 to 2018, but morbidity rates were still relatively high (0.0660-0.0113). The incidence of leptospirosis varied in different provinces of China; cases localized mainly to the Southern and Central provinces, areas with warm weather and ample rainfall. Older people (aged 60-75), males, farmers, students and field workers were high-risk populations. During the 2007-2018 observation period, morbidity rates increased beginning in May, remained at high levels in August and September and decreased after November. The present investigation highlights the re-emergence of leptospirosis in some provinces of China (especially in Yunnan and Fujian) and shows that leptospirosis remains a serious public health threat. The results of this study should enhance measures taken for the prevention, control, and surveillance of leptospirosis in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis trends in China, 2007–2018: A retrospective observational study

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Our study performed active case finding across the study period for ascertainment of clinical leptospirosis, and our findings were confirmed with the gold standard laboratory testing. The study in Manila included only suspected leptospirosis cases [27] with an expected rate of laboratory confirmation of 54% [44]. Correct estimates of this time lag between rainfall and disease incidence are important for accurate prediction of short-term leptospirosis risk and accurately direct public health interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall and other meteorological factors as drivers of urban transmission of leptospirosis

Cunha

Costa

et al. 2019

Preprint

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word count: 220 2 Manuscript word count: 3,574 ABSTRACT Background. Leptospirosis is an important public health problem affecting vulnerable urban slum populations in developing country settings. However, the complex interaction of meteorological factors driving the temporal trends of leptospirosis remain incompletely understood.Methods and findings. From 1996 to 2010, we investigated the association between the weekly incidence of leptospirosis and climatic variables in the city of Salvador, Brazil by using a dynamic generalized linear model that accounted for time lags, overall trend and seasonal variation. Our model showed an increase of leptospirosis cases associated with rainfall, lower temperature and higher humidity. There was a lag of one-to-two weeks between weekly values for significant meteorological variables and leptospirosis incidence. Independent of the season, a weekly cumulative rainfall of 20 mm increased the risk of the leptospirosis by 10% compared to a week without rain. Finally, over the 14 year study period the incidence of leptospirosis decreased significantly by four fold (12.8 versus 3.6 per 100,000 people), independently of variations in climate. Conclusions.Strategies to control leptospirosis should focus on avoiding contact with contaminated sources of Leptospira as well as on increasing awareness in the population and health professionals within the short time window after both low-level and extreme rainfall events. Increased leptospirosis incidence was restricted to one-to-two weeks after those events suggesting that infectious Leptospira survival may be limited to short time intervals.Author Summary: To determine the role of meteorological variables, seasonal variation and temporal trends in the incidence of leptospirosis, we investigated the time series of leptospirosis incidence amongst residents of Salvador, Brazil, from 1996 Exploratory and confirmatory statistical methods detected associations between meteorological factors and disease incidence. Results showed the importance of extreme meteorological conditions, particularly rainfall, as short-term predictors of leptospirosis incidence. In addition, we found a long-term decreasing trend of in disease incidence over the observation period.

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“…The reliability of the results is measured using ROC curve analysis [17,18]. The reliability that could distinguish a normal developing individual from an autistic one is 98.77% ( Figure 15).…”

Section: Measurement Of Pixel Number Variation Abnormality In Pursuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Pixel Number Variation Abnormality in Pursuit Eye Movement of Children with Autism

Torii¹,

Niwa²,

Ishii³

2017

J Neurol Exp Neurosci

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In Japan, the prevalence of autism, a condition that affects communication and social development, is 10 times higher than it was in the past. The number of children receiving special education in public elementary and junior high schools across Japan has surpassed 90,000, corresponding to an increase of 7.4-fold over the past 20 years (since 1993). The authors aimed to establish an objective diagnostic criterion for children with autism spectrum disorder. To this end, they conducted eye-tracking tests on children with autism and neurotypical children. Using a technique developed by one of the authors, which uses afterimages to determine eye blinking (Patent No. 5871290), they obtained the pixel number variation (a numerical value) in gaze direction based on the center of mass of pixels associated with the pupil. The results were then plotted onto a two-dimensional graph, and distributions based on probability density function and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were ascertained. This analysis yielded a decision boundary clearly demarcating autism and neurotypical distributions and, thus, confirming the reliability of the method. The results revealed that autistic subjects failed to track the moving object. This finding suggests that this technique of measuring abnormality in pixel number is effective for distinguishing individuals with autism from those with typical development and, thus, can serve as an objective criterion for the diagnosis of autism. The assessment method enables the capture of eye movement based on afterimages without the need for any special equipment: only a camera-mounted personal computer is required. In other words, the technology provides a clear and simple method of detection and, as such, can serve as a supplementary assessment tool for psychiatrists in diagnosing autism in children. Moreover, it can also assess learning and treatment efficacy among individuals with autism in educational settings.

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Recombinant Immunoglobulin-like Protein A-Based IgM ELISA for the Early Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in the Philippines

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Leptospirosis trends in China, 2007–2018: A retrospective observational study

Leptospirosis trends in China, 2007–2018: A retrospective observational study

Rainfall and other meteorological factors as drivers of urban transmission of leptospirosis

Measurement of Pixel Number Variation Abnormality in Pursuit Eye Movement of Children with Autism

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