Diagnostic Accuracy of Periapical Radiography and Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Identifying Root Canal Configuration of Human Premolars

Methods for measurement of root canal curvature: a systematic and critical review

“…These images normally allow visualization of curvatures in the mesiodistal direction, but will not fully disclose features of the root canal system in the bucco-lingual direction, thus masking root canal complexities which cause root canal treatment to be less predictable (Choi et al 2015, Sousa et al 2017. This is a common limitation of various techniques proposed in the literature (Tables S1 and S2).…”

“…Conversely, CBCT is a 3D alternative with clinical translation. When compared to two-dimensional imaging, CBCT presents greater accuracy regarding the determination of root canal morphology (Estrela et al 2008, Sousa et al 2017. Amongst the component studies, only two described using CBCT as an image resource (Estrela et al 2008, Choi et al 2015.…”

Apical root canal anatomy in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars: influence of root apical shape and prevalence of apical foramina – a micro‐CT study

“…, Sousa et al . ). On the other hand, there are cases where the apical root canal cannot be distinguished or identified on CBCT examinations.…”

“…, Sousa et al . ). It is important to stress that clinical data obtained by CBCT examination can lack sufficient imaging resolution because of the presence of artefacts or radiopaque intracanal material.…”

“…Due to these limitations, not all root canal structures at the apex are able to be identified using three‐dimensional images (Sousa et al . ). Although small anatomic characteristics such as lateral canals and isthmuses might be scarcely visualized in the apical third, others, such as the root shape, can be more easily interpreted.…”