Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Haemonchus contortus in Small Ruminants

Besier, R.B.; Kahn, Lewis; Sargison, Neil; Wyk, J.A. Van

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.024

Cited by 132 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 243 publications

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“…6 As an action of parasite resistance control, alternatives have been studied in order to minimize the spread of animal diseases and the damage to the breeding and may be referred: correct management and grazing, proper sheep nutrition, selection of resistant animals, biological control, use of vaccines, herbal medicine and/or the use of techniques for assessing the degree of infection. 7 Chromatographic methods for the determination of MOX in plasma from different species (alpacas, cattle, horses, pig, rabbit and sheep) have been reported applying liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD) after a derivatization Vol. 28, No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Moxidectin in Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study in Lambs

Baptista¹,

Fernandes²,

Gilaverte³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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The widespread use of moxidectin (MOX), a parasiticide used in the sheep breeding, has induced the parasite resistance in Brazilian farms. As a consequence, the farmers often increase the dose and frequency of drug utilization, and disregards safety of meat or milk. In order to establish adequate therapeutic treatment it is necessary to know the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the animal's body. Thus, high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of MOX in serum lamb. Serum samples were treated with acetonitrile to precipitate proteins. A clean up by dispersive extraction in solid phase (SPE-d), using primary/secondary amine (PSA) and C18 sorbents, followed by freezing was performed. Method validation presented precision (coefficient of variation) and accuracy (recovery%) between 1.7-6.7 and 80.0-107.3%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 2.0 ng mL -1 and a linear response was obtained over a range of 2.0 to 100 ng mL -1 . This method was successfully applied to the determination of MOX in serum from suffolk lamb to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile. Keywords: serum lamb, moxidectin, veterinary drug, pharmacokinetic, LC-MS/MS IntroductionThe infections with gastrointestinal nematodes have constituted major obstacle to the expansion of the sheep industry in Brazil. The gastrointestinal parasitism is associated with physiological changes in animals, such as bowel dysfunction and nutritional stress that result in decreased body condition, lower weight gain and death of animals. Among the most important parasites that affect sheep flocks we can highlight the Haemonchus contortus. The parasiticide agents allowed for controlling endo and ecto-parasites in sheep, the macrocyclic lactones, have been widely employed over the world because of its high efficiency and broad-spectrum activity.2 The moxidectin (MOX) (Figure 1), semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin, is a macrocyclic lactone obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces cyanogriseus. 3 In the last decade MOX has emerged in sheep flocks in Brazil due to its efficacy against a wide variety of nematodes and arthropod parasites, even at extremely low doses. 4 However, similarly as occurred with other drugs, indiscriminate use of MOX could induce parasite resistance, affecting the efficiency of the drug.5 Actually, similarly to ivermectin and the benzimidazole, parasite resistance against MOX has been reported in Brazil. 6 As an action of parasite resistance control, alternatives have been studied in order to minimize the spread of animal diseases and the damage to the breeding and may be referred: correct management and grazing, proper sheep nutrition, selection of resistant animals, biological control, use of vaccines, herbal medicine and/or the use of techniques for assessing the degree of infection. 7Chromatographic methods for the determination of MOX in plasma from different species (alpacas, cattle, horses, pig, rabbit and s...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Moxidectin in Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study in Lambs

Baptista¹,

Fernandes²,

Gilaverte³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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“…La anemia marcada que presentó el cadáver, se correlaciona con la cuantificación de huevos por gramo de la muestra coprológica (>1000 HPG) y con la cantidad de parásitos adultos encontrados en el abomaso, caracterizándose en el grado 5 en la escala de FAMACHA, ya que según BESIER et al (2016), existe una estrecha relación entre el nivel de parasitismo gastrointestinal y el grado de anemia según el color de la mucosa ocular en la escala FAMACHA.…”

Section: Resultado Y Discusiónunclassified

Muerte súbita por alotrofagia y hemoncosis en una cabra (Capra aegagrus hircus) del departamento de córdoba, Colombia

2017

Rev Colombiana Cienc Anim. RECIA

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We report the case of a domestic goat of the Alpine race, whole male, about 6 years old, which was attended by the animal pathology service of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at the University of Cordoba. The anamnesis indicates that the animal was found dead in the sheepfold in the morning, with no reports of traumas or illness on the part of the operator, so he was transferred to the necropsy room of the area of animal pathology. The external examination of the corpse showed: poor body condition, hirsute coat, pale mucosa and marked abdominal distention. Necropsy revealed anemia (pallor in the ocular and buccal mucosa, as well as in muscles and in the shortage of subcutaneous adipose tissue), hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were found, pre-stomachs were enlarged with the presence of gas and solid material. When the rumen was dissected, large quantities of plastic bags were found, as well as a large quantity of mango seeds (Mangifera spp). When the abomasum was dissected, the erythematous and edematized abomasal mucosa was detected in the presence of large numbers of red parasites Haemonchus contortus type. Adult parasites and fecal material were collected from the rectal ampulla and sent to the parasitology laboratory of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at the University of Córdoba for classification. The definitive diagnoses of the cadaver were marked anemia, parasitic abomasitis caused by Hemoncosis (Haemonchus contortus), ruminal overload by allotrophagy (plasticphagy), these being the probable causes of death of the animal. Keywords:Pica; plasticphagy; depraved appetite; Haemonchus contortus. ResumenSe expone el caso de una cabra doméstica de raza alpina, macho entero, de 6 años de edad aproximadamente, la cual fue atendida por el servicio de patología animal de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de Córdoba. La anamnesis indica que el animal fue encontrado muerto en el aprisco en horas de la mañana, sin reportes de antecedentes de traumas o enfermedad por parte del operario, por lo que fue trasladado a la sala de necropsia del área de patología animal. Al examen externo del cadáver se observó: pobre condición corporal, pelaje hirsuto, mucosas pálidas y marcada distención abdominal. La necropsia evidenció anemia (palidez en las mucosas ocular y bucal, así como en los músculos y en la escasez de tejido adiposo subcutáneo), se encontró hidrotórax e hidroperitoneo, los pre-estómagos se encontraron aumentados de tamaño con presencia de gas y material sólido. Al diseccionar el rumen se hallaron grandes cantidades de bolsas plásticas, así como gran cantidad de semillas de mango (Mangifera spp). Al diseccionar el abomaso, se detectó la mucosa abomasal eritematosa y edematizada con presencia de grandes cantidades de parásitos Palabras Clave:Pica; plasticofagia; depravación del gusto; Haemonchus contortus. CASO CLÍNICOMuerte súbita por alotrofagia y hemoncosis en una cabra (Capra aegagrus hircus) del departamento de córdoba, ColombiaSu...

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“…Ambos son hematófagos y las infecciones pueden producir anemia, hipoalbuminemia, pérdida de peso y ocasionalmente diarrea (Urquhart, 2001). El método más utilizado para determinar la carga parasitaria es a través del conteo de huevos por gramo de heces (HPG) mediante la técnica de McMaster modificada (Besier et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Zárate-Rendón

Flores

Hong

2017

Rev. investig. vet. Perú

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Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Haemonchus contortus in Small Ruminants

Cited by 132 publications

References 243 publications

Determination of Moxidectin in Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study in Lambs

Determination of Moxidectin in Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study in Lambs

Muerte súbita por alotrofagia y hemoncosis en una cabra (Capra aegagrus hircus) del departamento de córdoba, Colombia

Validación del Método FAMACHA© para Dosificación Antihelmíntica Selectiva en Rebaños Caprinos Lecheros

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