Diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of premenstrual syndrome

Walsh, Sally; Ismaili, Elgerta; Naheed, Bushra; O’Brien, Shaughn

doi:10.1111/tog.12180

Cited by 37 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The first theories were based on the fact that PMS was associated with ovarian hormone levels. The absence of PMS before puberty, during pregnancy, after menopause, during treatment with gonanotropin relasing hormone (GnRH) analogues suggests this situation (4,5). However, there is no significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic women in terms of progesterone levels (5).…”

Section: Etiology Of Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of PMS before puberty, during pregnancy, after menopause, during treatment with gonanotropin relasing hormone (GnRH) analogues suggests this situation (4,5). However, there is no significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic women in terms of progesterone levels (5). This is explained by the theory that some women are more sensitive to progesterone (4).…”

Section: Etiology Of Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, low concentration of allopregnanolone in luteal phase causes anxiety, depressive mood and aggression. Indeed, allopregnanolon levels were shown to be lower in women suffering from PMS (4,5,12).…”

Section: Etiology Of Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, it should be determined whether the woman's mood disorder is related to the menstrual cycle (2). Therefore, women who are thought to be experiencing PMS should be consulted appropriately to rule out these diseases (5). Although there are no laboratory tests for PMS diagnosis, blood and urine analysis can be used to exclude other diseases (3,13).…”

Section: Diagnosing Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the relationship between PMS and sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder is known (14). Therefore, it is important to take detailed anamnesis of medical, reproductive and menstrual conditions in order to evaluate these aspects (4,5).…”

Section: Diagnosing Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Approaches in Premenstrual Syndrome Management

Abay¹,

Kaplan²

2019

Bezmialem Science

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as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (2). The late twenties and midfifties are the periods when PMS is seen commonly (3). In the premenstrual period, changes in appetite such as excessive eating and craving, weight gain, edema, breast tenderness, and swelling and pain in the joints, abdominal pain, stomach problems, back pain, headaches, vertigo and dizziness, sweating in hands and feet, fatigue, skin problems such as acne, insomnia and short-term drowsiness, decreased libido, depressive mood, anger outbursts, irritability, crying spells, anxiety, restlessness, and confusion have been observed (2,3). Because of the problems associated with PMS, women experience change in body perception, decrease in self-confidence, social isolation and interpersonal relationships are disrupted (4,5). It is also stated that PMS leads to drug addiction, increased tendency to have an accident and to commit crime, economic losses, and decline in academic achievement (4,6). The prevalence of PMS was examined, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists reported that 4 out of 10 women have premenstrual symptoms and 5-8% of them is severely

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Section: Etiology Of Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Etiology Of Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Etiology Of Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosing Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosing Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Current Approaches in Premenstrual Syndrome Management

Abay¹,

Kaplan²

2019

Bezmialem Science

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Do contrasting socio‐ecological conditions bring difference in premenstrual syndrome and its concomitants? A sedente‐migrant comparative study from Eastern India

Thakur

Goswami

Roy

2023

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesWe asked in our research whether the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its concomitants, differ between “sedente” and “migrant” populations hailing from the same ethnic group, owing to their living in contrasting socio‐ecological conditions.MethodsA total of 501 Oraon adolescents (sedente: 200, migrant: 301) were studied. Data on PMS was reported retrospectively using a list of 29 standard symptoms. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on PMS. PCA, which resulted in six principal components (PC1 to PC6) were loaded with “behavioral and cognitive,” “negative mood,” “pain and fluid retention,” “vestibular and breast tenderness,” and “fatigue,” and/or “gastrointestinal” symptoms. Step‐wise hierarchical regression was applied using migration status (step 1), socio‐demographic (step 2), menstrual (step 3), and nutritional and lifestyle variables (step 4) as concomitants for each principal component.ResultsSignificantly, a greater number of migrants reported PMS but of milder intensity, unlike the sedentes. Significant sedente‐migrant differences were found in the concomitants for PMS. Multivariate analyses showed differential socio‐demographic (occupational, educational and wealth status, religion), nutritional (dietary carbohydrate protein and fat, tea intake, body mass index, percent body fat, waist hip ratio, fat mass index), menstrual (age at menarche, cycle length, dysmenorrhoea) and anemic status of the sedentes and the migrants were significantly associated with PMS.ConclusionsSedente and migrant participants, despite hailing from the same ethnic group, sharply differed in the prevalence of PMS and its concomitants owing to their living in contrasting socio‐ecological conditions.

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Effects of PMS50 supplementation on psychological symptoms of students with premenstrual syndrome

Sadeghi

Javid

Nazarinasab

et al. 2021

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective To evaluate the effects of PMS50 supplementation on psychological symptoms in university students in Iran. Methods This double‐blind clinical trial was conducted at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, between December 2018 and March 2019. Fifty female students with moderate to severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) randomly received either 550 mg/day of PMS50 (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25), starting from 1 week before till the end of menstruation for three consecutive menstrual cycles. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, physical activity level, and severity of PMS were assessed at baseline and post‐intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 22). Independent t test was used to compare the results between groups. Paired t test was used to compare the results within groups before and after study. Results There was a significant improvement in psychological symptoms including depression, anger, feeling of hopelessness, desire to be alone, mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and poor concentration observed in the intervention group compared with the control group post‐intervention. Restlessness was significantly reduced in both groups post‐intervention. The mean scores of low self‐esteem, change in appetite, and food cravings were decreased in both groups, but not significant between groups. Conclusion PMS50 supplementation may be effective in improvement of psychological symptoms in PMS. Clinical Trial Registration No.: IRCT20181218042038 N1.

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Diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of premenstrual syndrome

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Current Approaches in Premenstrual Syndrome Management

Current Approaches in Premenstrual Syndrome Management

Do contrasting socio‐ecological conditions bring difference in premenstrual syndrome and its concomitants? A sedente‐migrant comparative study from Eastern India

Effects of PMS50 supplementation on psychological symptoms of students with premenstrual syndrome

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