Diagnosis of Zinc Deficiency

Brennan, Ross; Armour, J. D.; Reuter, D. J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0878-2_12

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The residue sand amended with red mud had higher DTPA Zn and other Zn fractions at 0-5 cm depth which could be attributed to high adsorption capacity of red mud and alkaline pH (Barrow 1982;Frost et al 2003). Although the extraction of Zn increased with leaching events, all levels recorded remained well below the deficient range of Zn for plant growth (e.g., Brennan et al 1993) suggesting the importance of appropriate Zn fertiliser input on residue sand. These findings are in agreement with past studies conducted in residue sand (Bell 1981;Gherardi and Rengel 2003a, b;Eastham and Morald 2006;Anderson et al 2007).…”

Section: Zn Levels In Bauxite Residue Sand and Its Implications For Pmentioning

confidence: 89%

Zinc forms in compost and red mud-amended bauxite residue sand

et al. 2010

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Purpose Re-vegetation is the preferred long-term practice for managing Alcoa's bauxite-processing residue storage areas. Residue sand is the primary growth medium for rehabilitation; however, it is largely nutrient deficient. Although addition of organic and inorganic amendments can provide short-term supply of plant-available nutrients, but quickly exhausted, thus long-term deficiencies are often observed. The rapid transformation of added zinc into nonavailable pools is predicted as the main factor limiting vegetation performance. Materials and methods Two laboratory investigations were carried out to assess the effect of organic (composts) and inorganic (various types of red mud) amendments on Zn availability in residue sand. Three compost mixtures (piggery, biosolid and commercial compost), three rates of application (0, 10 and 50 t ha −1 ) were taken as organic amendments and incubated with residue sand for 30 days to examine the effects of compost on Zn availability. Seven column treatments were set up as: control residue sand, homogeneous mixtures of residue sand with 3% (w/w) and 8% (w/w) seawater-washed, carbonated or unaltered red mud with residue sand. Leaching with distilled water was carried out every 3 days by adding 1/6th pore volume and analysed for Zn availability and its distribution in various chemical pools. Results and discussion Fractionation studies found that Zn availability decreased with incubation time and red mud amendments. Residue pH and organic C were the major factors controlling Zn availability and its distribution. Column studies showed limited Zn mobility in residue sand even after three pore volumes of drainage. Increased DTPA extractable Zn in surface layers of residue sand with and without red mud amendments after leaching was found and attributed to decrease in residue water-soluble alkalinity. Addition of commercial compost (50 t ha −1 ) increased DTPA Zn, decreased the alkalinity and increased C content in residue sand. The red mud amendments had contrasting effects on Zn that were related to pH of the materials. Addition of seawater-washed red mud increased DTPA Zn in residue sand whereas unaltered red mud decreased DTPA Zn. Conclusions Plant available Zn extracted with 50 t ha −1 of commercial composts addition was well above deficient range, suggesting that they could be an effective Zn source for vegetation establishment. Zinc occurred predominantly in organically bound form in compostamended sand and as carbonate-bound form in leached red mud-amended columns, but the longer term effects of these Zn forms on the release of Zn for plant growth remain unclear.

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Section: Zn Levels In Bauxite Residue Sand and Its Implications For Pmentioning

confidence: 89%

Zinc forms in compost and red mud-amended bauxite residue sand

et al. 2010

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“…Grain Zn concentration can have diagnostic and to some extent prognostic properties (Brennan et al, 1993;Rashid and Fox, 1992). The critical level of Zn in wheat grain was reported to be 10 mg Zn kg -~ (Riley et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a result indicates that Zn deficiency affected the plant's ability to initiate flower buds and set seed more in the Zninefficient Gatcher than in the Zn-efficient Excalibur. Generally, seed and fruit formation can be aborted or severely reduced by Zn deficiency in a range of plant species (Brennan et al, 1993). A larger number of grains in Excalibur, however, resulted in grains being less filled on average, apparently because the amount of substrates for grain filling was limited by Zn deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of seed Zn content for wheat growth on Zn-deficient soil

1995

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Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Zn-efficient Excalibur and Zn-inefficient Gatcher) were grown from low-Zn (around 250 ng Zn/seed) and high-Zn seed (around 700 ng Zn/seed) in a Zn-deficient siliceous sand fertilised with 0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.8 or 3.2 mg Zn kg -1 soil. At maturity, plants derived from the high-Zn seed had bigger grains and produced more grains than plants grown from the low-Zn seed when fertilised with nil Zn. Plants grown from high-Zn seed produced more grain dry matter per unit of Zn absorbed by the above-ground parts, transported a larger proportion of absorbed Zn to the grain, and approached the maximum harvest index with the fertilisation rate of 0.05 mg Zn kg-l compared to 0.2 mg Zn kg-1 soil required for plants derived from the low-Zn seed. The Zn-efficient cv. Excalibuir had greater fertiliser efficiency when fertilised with 0.05 mg Zn kg-1 soil and a greater harvest index at nil Zn treatment compared to the Zn-inefficient cv. Gatcher. Zn-deficient plants produced seed with higher concentrations of all inorganic nutrients determined except Zn. There was a positive relationship between grain dry weight and Zn concentrations in youngest expanded blades sampled at 6 weeks of growth. It is concluded that crops grown from seed containing higher Zn content have a distinct advantage which culminates in greater yield when grown in soils of low Zn status.

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“…TEA method is widely used for neutral and alkaline soils and the HCl extraction is generally employed for acid soils (Zou et al 2008). The critical Zn concentrations used for the interpretation of plant analyses will depend upon the plant tissue sampled (e.g., whole young shoot, or youngest fully emerged Sources: Derived mainly from Brennan et al (1993) and Srivastava and Gupta (1996) * Tentative indicator value of low total Zn concentrations likely to be related to primary deficiency leaf) and local experience relating to crop genotypes and crop management.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Zinc-deficient Soils and Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil factors associated with zinc deficiency in crops and humans

Alloway

2009

Environ Geochem Health

797

496

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Zinc deficiency is the most ubiquitous micronutrient deficiency problem in world crops. Zinc is essential for both plants and animals because it is a structural constituent and regulatory co-factor in enzymes and proteins involved in many biochemical pathways. Millions of hectares of cropland are affected by Zn deficiency and approximately one-third of the human population suffers from an inadequate intake of Zn. The main soil factors affecting the availability of Zn to plants are low total Zn contents, high pH, high calcite and organic matter contents and high concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, bicarbonate and phosphate in the soil solution or in labile forms. Maize is the most susceptible cereal crop, but wheat grown on calcareous soils and lowland rice on flooded soils are also highly prone to Zn deficiency. Zinc fertilizers are used in the prevention of Zn deficiency and in the biofortification of cereal grains.

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Diagnosis of Zinc Deficiency

Cited by 41 publications

References 68 publications

Zinc forms in compost and red mud-amended bauxite residue sand

Zinc forms in compost and red mud-amended bauxite residue sand

Importance of seed Zn content for wheat growth on Zn-deficient soil

Soil factors associated with zinc deficiency in crops and humans

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