Diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment: recommendations of the scientific department of cognitive neurology and aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology

Barbosa, Breno José Alencar Pires; Neto, José Ibiapina Siqueira; Alves, Gilberto Sousa; Sudo, Felipe Kenji; Suemoto, Cláudia Kimie; Tovar‐Moll, Fernanda; Smid, Jerusa; Schilling, Lucas Porcello; Balthazar, Márcio Luiz Figueredo; Frota, Norberto Anízio Ferreira; Souza, Leonardo Cruz de; Vale, Francisco Assis Carvalho; Caramelli, Paulo; Bertolucci, Paulo Henrique Ferreira; Brucki, Sônia Maria Dozzi; Nitrini, Ricardo; Engelhardt, Eliasz; Chaves, Márcia Lorena Fagundes

doi:10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-s104en

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Interestingly, the highest ratio was found for VaD, where people with ADHD had a 6-fold higher risk than controls after adjustment for covariates. VaD is defined as severe cognitive impairment compromising daily functioning and evidence of cerebrovascular disease on imaging ( 43 ). Adults with ADHD have notably worse cardio- and cerebrovascular health than adults without ADHD ( 44 – 46 ), which may lead to impaired brain health and subsequently higher risk of developing vascular dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of neurodegenerative disease or dementia in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review

Becker,

Chowdhury,

Tavilsup

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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Purpose of reviewSeveral psychiatric disorders have been associated with an increased risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease and/or dementia. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, has been understudied in relation to dementia risk. We summarized existing literature investigating the risk of incident neurodegenerative disease or dementia associated with ADHD.Recent findingsWe searched five databases for cohort, case–control, and clinical trial studies investigating associations between ADHD and neurodegenerative diseases/dementia in May 2023. Study characteristics were extracted by two independent raters, and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Search terms yielded 2,137 articles, and seven studies (five cohort and two case–control studies) ultimately met inclusion criteria. Studies examined the following types of neurodegeneration: all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s and Lewy body diseases, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Heterogeneity in study methodology, particularly covariates used in analyses and types of ratios for risk reported, prevented a meta-analysis and data were therefore summarized as a narrative synthesis. The majority of studies (4/7) demonstrated an overall low risk of bias.SummaryThe current literature on risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease in ADHD is limited. Although the studies identified present evidence for a link between ADHD and subsequent development of dementia, the magnitude of the direct effect of ADHD on neurodegeneration is yet to be determined and better empirically designed studies are first needed. Furthermore, the mechanism of how or why ADHD is associated with an increased risk of developing a neurocognitive disorder is still unclear and should be explored in future studies.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022348976, the PROSPERO number is CRD42022348976.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%